References
- TAMÀS, F. – BALÁZS, G. L.: Properties of Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 8, no. 26, 1996, p. 1290.
- ARSHAD, S. – SHARIF, M. B. – IRFAN-UL-HASSAN, M. – KHAN, M. – ZHANG, J. L.: Efficiency of supplementary cementitious materials and natural fiber on mechanical performance of concrete, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 45, 2020, pp. 8577-8589.
- MILLER, S. A. – HORVATH, A. – MONTEIRO, P. J.: Readily implementable techniques can cut annual CO2 emissions from the production of concrete by over 20%, Environmental Research Letters, vol. 11, no. 7, 2016, p. 074029.
- MILLER, S. A. – MOORE, F. C.: Climate and health damages from global concrete production, Nature Climate Change, vol. 10, no. 5, 2020, pp. 439-443.
- TURNER, L. K. – Collins, F. G.: Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) emissions: A comparison between geopolymer and OPC cement concrete, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 43, 2013, pp. 125-130.
- MCLELLAN, B. C. – WILLIAMS, R. P. – LAY, J. – VAN RIESSEN, A. – CORDER, G. D.: Costs and carbon emissions for geopolymer pastes in comparison to ordinary portland cement, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 19, no. 9-10, 2011, pp. 1080-1090.
- GOLLAKOTA, A. R. – VOLLI, V. – SHU, C. M.: Progressive utilisation prospects of coal fly ash: A review, Science of the Total Environment, vol. 672, 2019, pp. 951-989.
- XIAO, R. – POLACZYK, P. – ZHANG, M. – JIANG, X. – ZHANG, Y. – HUANG, B. – Hu, W.: Evaluation of glass powder-based geopolymer stabilized road bases containing recycled waste glass aggregate, Transportation Research Record, vol. 2674, no. 1, 2020, pp. 22-32.
- RAJ, M. K. A. – MUTHUSAMY, S. – PANCHAL, H. – IBRAHIM, A. M. M. – ALSOUFI, M. S. – ELSHEIKH, A. H.: Investigation of mechanical properties of dual-fiber reinforcement in polymer composite, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 18, 2022, pp. 3908-3915.
- ELSHEIKH, A. H. – PANCHAL, H. – SHANMUGAN, S. – MUTHURAMALINGAM, T. – El KASSAS, A. M. – RAMESH, B.: Recent progresses in wood-plastic composites: Preprocessing treatments, manufacturing techniques, recyclability and eco-friendly assessment, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, vol. 8, 2022, p. 100450.
- ASSI, L. – CARTER, K. – DEAVER, E. E. – ANAY, R. – ZIEHL, P.: Sustainable concrete: Building a greener future, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 198, 2018, pp. 1641-1651.
- SAYYAD, A. S. – PATANKAR, S. V.: Effect of steel fibres and low calcium fly ash on mechanical and elastic properties of geopolymer concrete composites, Indian Journal of Materials Science, 2013, p. 2013.
- GANESAN, N. – INDIRA, P. V.: Engineering properties of steel fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete, Advances in Concrete Construction, vol. 1, no. 4, 2013, p. 305.
- LAZORENKO, G. – KASPRZHITSKII, A. – KRUGLIKOV, A. – MISCHINENKO, V. – YAVNA, V.: Sustainable geopolymer composites reinforced with flax tows, Ceramics International, vol. 46, no. 8, 2020, pp. 12870-12875.
- GOMES, R. F. – DIAS, D. P. – DE ANDRADE SILVA, F.: Determination of the fracture parameters of steel fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, vol. 107, 2020, p. 102568.
- ZHONG, H. – ZHANG, M.: Effect of recycled polymer fiber on dynamic compressive behavior of engineered geopolymer composites, Ceramics International, vol. 48, no. 16, 2022, pp. 23713-23730.
- ZHANG, P. – WANG, W. – LV, Y. – GAO, Z. – DAI, S.: Effect of polymer coatings on the permeability and chloride ion penetration resistances of nano-particles and fibers-modified cementitious composites, Polymers, vol. 14, no. 16, 2022, p. 3258.
- ALBIDAH, A. – ABADEL, A. – ALRSHOUDI, F. – ALTHEEB, A. – ABBAS, H. – AL-SALLOUM, Y.: Bond strength between concrete substrate and metakaolin geopolymer repair mortars at ambient and elevated temperatures, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 5, 2020, pp. 10732-10745.
- WANG, Y. – ASLANI, F. – VALIZADEH, A.: An investigation into the mechanical behaviour of fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete incorporating NiTi shape memory alloy, steel and polypropylene fibres, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 259, 2020, p. 119765.
- LARSEN, I. L. – THORSTENSEN, R. T.: The influence of steel fibres on compressive and tensile strength of ultra-high-performance concrete: A review, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 256, p. 119459, 2020.
- JOSEPH, B. – MATHEW, G.: Behavior of geopolymer concrete exposed to elevated temperatures, (Doctoral dissertation), Cochin University of Science and Technology, 2015.
- PART, W. K. – RAMLI, M. – CHEAH, C. B.: An overview on the influence of various factors on the properties of geopolymer concrete derived from industrial by-products, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 77, 2015, pp. 370-395.
- Zheng, Y., Zhang, W., Zheng, L., & Zheng, J. (2024). Mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete after high temperature exposure. Construction and Building Materials, 439, 137394.
- LECA AE. Catalog [Internet]. Available from: [https://leca.ae/Catalog/]., 2017.
- ABDULLAH, A. H. – MOHAMMED, S. D.: Effect of lightweight expanded clay aggregate as partial replacement of coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties of fire-exposed concrete, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, vol. 32, no. 1, 2023, p. 20220299.
- ASTM C 618: Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete.: Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 2019.
- HARDJITO, D. – RANGAN, B. V.: Development and Properties of Low-Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete, Curtin University of Technology., 2005.
- Iraqi Specifications, No. 45/1984: Aggregate from Natural Sources for concrete and construction.
- ASTM C 330: Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa, USA, 2005.
- ASTM C1116/C1116M: Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohcken, PA,, 2015.
- ASTM: Standard Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, A820/A820M-04, 2004.
- EN–BS 934: Admixtures for Concrete, Mortar and Grout-Part 2: Concrete Admixtures; Definitions, Requirements, Conformity, Marking and Labelling. British Standards Institution, 2002.
- ASTM C494/C494M: Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, 10 p.
- JOSEPH, B. – MATHEW, G.: Influence of aggregate content on the behavior of fly ash based geopolymer concrete, Scientia Iranica, vol. 19, no. 5, 2012, pp. 1188-1194.
- ASTM E 119: Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials. West Conshohocken (PA), USA: ASTM International, 1983.
- BS 1881 Part 116: Method for Determination for Compressive strength for Concrete Cubes, 1983.
- ASTM C496: Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2011.
- ASTM C78/C78M: Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading), American Society for Testing and Materials, 2018.
- ASTM C469: Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and poisson’s ratio of concrete in compression, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2010.
- NEMATOLLAHI, B. – SANJAYAN, J. – CHAI, J. X. H. – LU, T. M.: Properties of fresh and hardened glass fiber reinforced fly ash based geopolymer concrete, key engineering materials, vol. 594, 2014, pp. 629-633.
- IQBAL, S. – ALI, A. – HOLSCHEMACHER, K. – BIER, T. A.: Effect of change in micro steel fiber content on properties of High strength Steel fiber reinforced Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete (HSLSCC), Procedia Engineering, vol. 122, 2015, pp. 88-94.
- M. S. SHETTY: Concrete Technology (theory and practice), New Delhi, S. Chand and Company LTD, 2000, pp. 321-323.
- ZHAO, J. – WANG, K. – WANG, S. – WANG, Z. – YANG, Z. – SHUMUYE, E. D. – GONG, X.: Effect of elevated temperature on mechanical properties of high-volume fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, mortar and paste cured at room temperature, Polymers, vol. 13, no. 9, 2021, p. 1473.
- M. RASHAD: Effect of steel fibers on geopolymer properties–the best synopsis for civil engineer, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 246, 2020, p. 118534.
- ZHANG, P. – KANG, L. – WANG, J. – GUO, J. – HU, S. – LING, Y.: Mechanical properties and explosive spalling behavior of steel-fibre reinforced concrete exposed to high temperature-A review, Appl. Sci., vol. 10, 2020, p. 2324.
- KONG, D. L. – SANJAYAN, J. G.: Effect of elevated temperatures on geopolymer paste, mortar and concrete, Cement and concrete research, vol. 40, no. 2, 2010, pp. 334-339.
- DABBAGHI, F. – DEHESTANI, M. – YOUSEFPOUR, H.: Residual mechanical properties of concrete containing lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) after exposure to elevated temperatures, Struct Concr., vol. 23, no. 4, 2022, p. 2162–84.
- KRISHNA, DA – PRIYADARSINI, R. – NARAYANAN, S.: Effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of concrete, Procedia Struct Integr., vol. 14, 2019, p. 384–94.
- M. RASHAD: Lightweight expanded clay aggregate as a building material–An overview.,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 170, 2018, pp. 757-775.
- MESBAH, HA. – LACHEMI, M. – AITCIN, PC.: Determination of elastic properties of high-performance concrete at early ages, Mater. J., vol. 99, no. 1, 2002, pp. 37-41.
- KUMAR, R. – LAKHANI, R. – KUMAR A.: Physico-mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight structural concrete with light expanded clay aggregate for energy-efficient buildings, Advanced in Construction materials and Sustainable Environment, Singapore, Springer, 2021, pp. 175-85.
- ABD RAZAK, S. N. – SHAFIQ, N. – NIKBAKHT, E. H. – MOHAMMED, B. S. – GUILLAUMAT, L. – FARHAN, S. A.: Fire performance of fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete: Effect of burning temperature on mechanical and microstructural properties, Materials Today, vol. 66, 2022, pp. 2665-2669.
- JWAIDA, Z. – DULAIMI, A. – MASHAAN, N. – OTHUMAN MYDIN, M. A.: Geopolymers: The Green Alternative to Traditional Materials for Engineering Applications, Infrastructures, vol. 8, no. 6, 2023, p. 98.
- CASTILLO, H. – COLLADO, H. – DROGUETT, T. – VESELY, M. – GARRIDO, P. – PALMA, S.: State of the art of geopolymers: A review, e-Polymers, vol. 22, no. 1, 2022, pp. 108-124.