References
- [1] Haynes RJ. Reclamation and revegetation of fly ash disposal sites - Challenges and research needs. J Environ Management. 2009;90:43-53. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.003.10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.00318706753
- [2] Fulekar M, Dave J. Disposal of fly ash-an environmental problem. Intern J Environ Studies. 1986;26:191-215. DOI: 10.1080/00207238608710257.10.1080/00207238608710257
- [3] Jankowski J, Ward C, French D, Groves S. Mobility of trace elements from selected Australian fly ashes and its potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Fuel. 2006;85:243-256. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.05.028.10.1016/j.fuel.2005.05.028
- [4] Sushil S, Batra S. Analysis of fly ash heavy metal content and disposal in three thermal power plants in India. Fuel 2006;85:2676-2679. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.04.031.10.1016/j.fuel.2006.04.031
- [5] Gitari W, Petrik L, Etchebers O, Key Dm, Okujeni C. Utilization of fly ash for treatment of coal mines wastewater: Solubility controls on major inorganic contaminants. Fuel. 2008;87:2450-2462. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.03.018.10.1016/j.fuel.2008.03.018
- [6] Dellantonio A, Fitz W, Custovic H, Repmann F, Schneider B, Grünewald H, et al. Environmental risks of farmed and barren alkaline coal ash landfills in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Environ Pollut. 2008;153:677-686. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.08.032.10.1016/j.envpol.2007.08.03217949870
- [7] Senapati M. Fly ash from thermal power plants - waste management and overview. Current Science. 2011;100(12):1791-1974.
- [8] Neupane G, Donahoe R. Leachability of elements in alkaline and acidic coal fly ash samples during batch and column leaching tests. Fuel 2013;104:758-770. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.013.10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.013
- [9] Adriano DC, Page PL, Elseewi AA, Straughan I. Utilization and disposal of fly ash and other coal residues in terrestrial ecosystems: A review. J Environ Qual. 1980;9(3):333-344. DOI: 10.2134/jeq1980.00472425000900030002x.10.2134/jeq1980.00472425000900030002x
- [10] Asokana P, Saxena M, Asolekar S. Coal combustion residues - environmental implications and recycling potentials. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2005;43:239-262. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.06.003.10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.06.003
- [11] Dutta B, Khanra S, Mallick D. Leaching of elements from coal fly ash: Assessment of its potential for use in filling abandoned coal mines. Fuel. 2009;88:1314-1323. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.01.005.10.1016/j.fuel.2009.01.005
- [12] Izquierdo M, Querol X. Leaching behaviour of elements from coal combustion fly ash: An overview. International J Coal Geol. 2012;94:54-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.006.10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.006
- [13] Blissett R, Rowson N. A review of the multi-component utilisation of coal fly ash. Fuel. 2012;97:1-23. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.024.10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.024
- [14] Vassilev S, Vassileva C. Behaviour of inorganic matter during heating of Bulgarian coals 2. Subbituminous and bituminous coals. Fuel Processing Technol. 2006;87:1095-1116. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.08.006.10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.08.006
- [15] Smolka-Danielowska D. Rare earth elements in fly ashes created during the coal burning process in certain coal-fired power plants operating in Poland - Upper Silesian Industrial Region. J Environ Radioactiv. 2010;101:965-968. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.07.001. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.07.00120713303
- [16] Kashiwakura S, Kumagai Y, Kubo H, Wagatsuma K. Dissolution of rare earth elements from coal fly ash particles in a dilute H2SO4 solvent. Open J Phys Chem. 2013; 3:69-75. DOI: 10.4236/ojpc.2013.32009.10.4236/ojpc.2013.32009
- [17] Davison R, Natusch D, Wallace J. Trace elements in fly ash dependence of concentration on particle size. Environ Sci Technol. 1974;13:1107-1113. DOI: 10.1021/es60098a003.10.1021/es60098a003
- [18] McNally D, Crowley-Parmentier J, Whitman B. Trace metal leaching and bioavailability of coal-generated fly ash. Int Res J Environ Sci. 2012;1(5):76-80.
- [19] Parami V, Sahoo S, Yonehara H, Takeda S, Quirit L. Accurate determination of naturally occurring radionuclides in Philippine coal-fired thermal power plants using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and γ-spectroscopy. Microchem J. 2010;95:181-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.11.008.10.1016/j.microc.2009.11.008
- [20] Dogan O, Symsek Ö, Nuhoglu Y, Kopya M, Ertugrul M. Geochemistry, soil, and environmental sciences x-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis of trace elements in fly ash samples of Kemerköy thermal power plants. J Trace Microprobe Techniques. 2001;19(2):289-295. DOI: 10.1081/TMA-100002218.10.1081/TMA-100002218
- [21] Spears D. The use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA ICP-MS) for the analysis of fly ash. Fuel. 2004;83(13):1765-1770. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.02.018.10.1016/j.fuel.2004.02.018
- [22] Rowe JJ, Steinnes E. Instrumental activation analysis of coal and fly ash with thermal and epithermal neutrons. J Radioanal Chem. 1977;37:849-856. DOI: 10.1007/BF02519396.10.1007/BF02519396
- [23] Hansen Y, Notten P, Petrie G. A life cycle impact assessment indicator for ash management in coal-based power generation. The Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2002, July/August, 299-306.
- [24] Petrik L, White R, Klink M, Somerset V, Burgers C, Frey M. Utilisation of South African fly ash to treat acid mine drainage, and production of high quality zeolites from the residual solids. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International Ash Utilisation Symposium. University of Kentucky, USA, Paper no. 61. http://www.flyash.info.
- [25] Dmitriev AY, Pavlov SS. Automation of quantitative determination of elemental content of samples by neutron activation analysis at the reactor IBR-2 in FLNP JINR. Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters. 2013;10(178):58-64. DOI: 10.1134/S1547477113010056.10.1134/S1547477113010056
- [26] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Certificate of Analysis, Standard Reference Material, 1633. 2008.
- [27] Jackson BP, Miller WP. Arsenic and selenium speciation in coal fly ash extracts by ion chromatographyinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Analyt Atomic Spectrometry. 1998;13:1107-1112. DOI: 10.1039/A806159I.10.1039/a806159i
- [28] www.marscigrp.org/elconv.html.
- [29] Bode P, Greenberg RR, De Nadai Fernandes EA. Neutron activation analysis: a primary (ratio) method to determine SI-traceable values of element content in complex samples. Chimia. 2009;63(10):678-680. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2009.678.10.2533/chimia.2009.678
- [30] ASTM, Standard specification for fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as mineral admixture in Portland cement concrete. Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials; 1994.
- [31] McCarthy GJ. X-ray powder diffraction for studying the mineralogy of fly ash. MRS Proceedings, 1987;113:75-86. DOI: 10.1557/PROC-113-75.10.1557/PROC-113-75
- [32] Hou X, Jones B. Inductively Coupled Plasma/Optical Emission Spectrometry. In: Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. Meyers RA, editor. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2000; 9468-9485.10.1002/9780470027318.a5110
- [33] Chen M, Ma L. Comparison of three aqua regia digestion methods for twenty Florida soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 2001;65:491-499. DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2001.652491x.10.2136/sssaj2001.652491x
- [34] Enamorado-Báez S, Abril L, Gómez-Guzmán J. Determination of 25 trace element concentrations in biological reference materials by icp-ms following different microwave-assisted acid digestion methods based on scaling masses of digested samples. ISRN Analyt Chem. 2013:1-14. DOI: 10.1155/2013/851713.10.1155/2013/851713
- [35] Hannaker P, Haukka M, Sen S. Comparative study of ICP-AES and XRF analysis of major and minor constituents on geological materials. Chem Geol. 1984;42:319-324.10.1016/0009-2541(84)90025-1
- [36] Brown R, Milton M. Analytical techniques for trace element analysis: an overview. Trends in Analyt Chem. 2005;24(3):266-274. DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2004.11.010.10.1016/j.trac.2004.11.010
- [37] Zhang Y, Jiang Z, He M, Hu B. Determination of trace rare earth elements in coal fly ash and atmospheric particulates by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with slurry sampling. Environ Pollut. 2007;148:459-467. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.12.004.10.1016/j.envpol.2006.12.00417466423
- [38] Iwashita A, Nakajima T, Takanashi H, Akira Ohki A, Yoshio Fujita Y, Yamashita T. Effect of pretreatment conditions on the determination of major and trace elements in coal fly ash using ICP-AES. Fuel. 2005;85:257-263. DOI:10.1016/j.fuel.2005.04.034. 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.04.034
- [39] Misra N. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence characterizations of nuclear materials. Pramana J Phys. 2011;76(2):201-212. DOI: 10.1007/s12043-011-0046-y. 10.1007/s12043-011-0046-y