AI Integration in the Public Sector: A Systematic Review of Risks and Opportunities

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and e-Government is a paradigm shift in the administration of the people. Although it supports optimization of service delivery, various challenges are also brought to the fore. This scoping review examines the challenges, threats, and regulations surrounding the implementation of AI in the government sector. Following PRISMA guidelines, fifty peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025 were reviewed. The analysis found four major groups of challenges: technical (32%), organizational (28%), ethical and social (25%), and regulatory and policy-related (15%). The most common identified obstacles included the lack of skills and talent (92%), integrating with legacy systems (85%), and algorithmic bias (75%). The authors suggest a multi-layered AI governance framework, which includes international and national regulation, organizational processes, and managerial practices. It provides strategic suggestions, which are aimed at promoting the effective and responsible use of AI in e-Government.