Abstract
Wireless networks have become essential in daily life, with a growing number of base stations and connected devices. However, increasing traffic and energy consumption pose challenges. This research proposes a Dual Step Hybrid Mechanism (DSHM) for energy optimization, incorporating MIMO technologies. The first step introduces an optimal algorithm that iteratively updates the probability distribution to achieve the best solution. The second step focuses on reducing energy consumption while maximizing energy efficiency, using specific techniques and strategies to minimize usage without compromising energy maximization. The proposed approach is evaluated using parameter settings, including block length, path loss, hardware impairments, and bandwidth. The research investigates the impact of hardware impairments on energy efficiency and analyzes performance under different SINR constraints. The study also examines energy efficiency in active user density and base station density, highlighting the superior energy efficiency achieved by MIMO configurations.