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Machiavellianism and Aggression as Predictors of Emotional Manipulation Cover

Machiavellianism and Aggression as Predictors of Emotional Manipulation

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Abstract

Background

Emotional manipulation, Machiavellianism, and aggression represent individual characteristics that can substantially shape behaviour and interactions in organisational settings. These traits are linked to counterproductive work behaviours, weakened team functioning, and diminished leadership effectiveness.

Objectives

This study examines how Machiavellianism, proactive aggression, and reactive aggression predict emotional manipulation, poor emotional skills, and the concealment of emotions, with a specific focus on their relevance for organisational dynamics and workplace relationships.

Methods/Approach

The Emotional Manipulation Scale, the Short Dark Triad, and the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire were applied to a sample of 332 individuals. Data was collected online from a convenience sample of the general population.

Results

Machiavellianism positively predicted emotional manipulation, poor emotional skills, and emotional concealment. Proactive aggression predicted emotional manipulation and emotional concealment, while reactive aggression predicted emotional manipulation. Machiavellianism added incremental value beyond reactive and proactive aggression in explaining all three emotional outcomes.

Conclusions

The findings highlight Machiavellianism as a key behavioural risk factor in organisational contexts, shaping manipulative tendencies that can undermine cooperation, leadership quality, and organisational performance. The results provide valuable implications for management, HR practices, and organisational diagnostics.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2025-0023 | Journal eISSN: 1847-9375 | Journal ISSN: 1847-8344
Language: English
Page range: 168 - 182
Submitted on: Dec 18, 2024
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Accepted on: Feb 12, 2025
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Published on: Dec 21, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2025 Sarwar Khawaja, Katarina Sokić, Fayyaz Hussain Qureshi, Helena Nikolić, published by IRENET - Society for Advancing Innovation and Research in Economy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.