Table 1.
KLOTHO and ARNTL gene methylation in hypertensive and control subjects
| Subjects | KLOTHO gene | ARNTL gene | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methylation | Unmethylation | Methylation | Unmethylation | |||||
| Count | %A | Count | %B | Count | %A | Count | %B | |
| Hypertension | 62 | 62.0% | 16 | 59.3% | 46 | 68.7% | 27 | 56.2% |
| Control | 38 | 38.0% | 11 | 40.7% | 21 | 31.3% | 21 | 43.8% |
| Total | 100 | 100% | 27 | 100% | 67 | 100% | 48 | 100% |
| p Value | p>0.05 | p>0.05 | ||||||
[i] (% in total according to methylation status in subjects for each gene)
[ii] (%A in total methylated subjects; %B in total unmethylated subjects)
Figure 1.
Methylated and unmethylated peaks of ARNTL gene for the patient groups. (The peaks obtained in different Tm degrees for the unmethylated and methylated cases were shown. Methylated ARNTL patient 6, 8, 10, and 12 are shown in black, grey, pink, and upper purple, respectively. Unmethylated ARNTL patient 14, 15, 21, 24, 26, 29, and 30 are shown in down purple, green, light green, blue, turquoise, orange, and dark blue, respectively)
Figure 2.
Unmethylated ARNTL patients. ARNTL unmethylated control is shown in blue, and methylated control is shown in orange. Unmethylated ARNTL patient 33, 49, 67, 13 and 45 are shown in green, turquoise, red, purple, and black, respectively.
Figure 3.
Methylated KLOTHO patients. KLOTHO unmethylated control is shown in purple, and methylated control is shown in red. Methylated KLOTHO patient 25 and 12 are shown in turquoise and light green, respectively.
Table 2.
Mean Values of Biochemical Parameters for KLOTHO Gene
| Parameter | Methylated KLOTHO | Unmethylated KLOTHO | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertensive subjects | Control Subjects | Hypertensive subjects | Control subjects | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 129.96 ± 83.08 (54) | 97.97 ± 12.43 (38) | 117.20 ± 34.03 (15) | 98.18 ± 5.23 (11) |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 166.82 ±91.28 (38) | 122.22 ± 31.10 (37) | 183.93 ±104.06 (14) | 132.00±28.43 (11) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195.97 ± 61.63 (36) | 170.59 ±43.12 (37) | 197.07 ± 49.94 (14) | 191.09 ± 42.03 (11) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 45.84 ± 14.31 (37) | 52.19 ± 12.72 (37) | 46.50 ± 14.34 (14) | 49.64 ± 6.83 (11) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 131.92 ± 65.55 (37) | 129.62 ± 28.28 (37) | 125.71 ± 60.77 (14) | 130.27 ± 33.02 (11) |
| Sodium (Na) (mmol/L) | 137.98 ± 4.29 (53) | 138.26 ± 7.50 (38) | 136.60 ± 12.98 (15) | 143.27 ± 8.60 (11) |
| Potassium (K) (mmol/L) | 4.45 ± 0.60 (53) | 4.88 ± 1.11 (38) | 4.71± 0.75 (15) | 5.55 ± 1.20 (11) |
| Creatinine (Cr) (mg/dL) | 1.11± 0.59 (54) | 0.66 ± 0.14 (38) | 1.06 ± 0.95 (15) | 0.65 ± 0.11 (11) |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 28.66 ± 23.10 (53) | 15.18 ± 3.40 (38) | 21.14 ± 17.82 (14) | 20.91 ± 13.40 (11) |
Table 3.
Mean Values of Biochemical Parameters for ARNTL Gene
| Parameter | Methylated ARNTL | Unmethylated ARNTL | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertensive subjects | Control Subjects | Hypertensive subjects | Control subjects | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 120.00 ± 70.48 (42) | 96.67 ± 15.54 (21) | 142.65 ± 87.50 (23) | 98.14 ± 6.02 (21) |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 177.58 ±98.15 (33) | 132.50 ± 31.30 (20) | 172.06±91.38 (16) | 120.57±28.13 (21) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 197.58 ± 59.89 (33) | 179.60 ±59.04 (20) | 195.07 ± 52.06 (14) | 168.14 ± 28.81 (21) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 47.55 ± 15.91 (33) | 48.55 ± 8.75 (20) | 41.87 ± 10.33 (15) | 53.48 ± 12.15 (21) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 128.30 ± 60.90 (33) | 134.65 ± 35.32 (20) | 136.93 ± 71.65 (15) | 128.24 ± 26.19 (21) |
| Sodium (Na) (mmol/L) | 137.38 ± 8.36 (42) | 138.67 ± 6.63 (21) | 138.00 ±4.57 (22) | 141.00 ± 9.11 (21) |
| Potassium (K) (mmol/L) | 4.45 ± 0.70 (42) | 5.02 ± 1.05 (21) | 4.59± 0.57 (22) | 5.11 ± 1.30 (21) |
| Creatinine (Cr) (mg/dL) | 1.00± 0.51 (42) | 0.64 ± 0.15 (21) | 1.07 ± 0.52 (23) | 0.68 ± 0.12 (21) |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 26.78 ± 23.29 (40) | 17.95 ± 10.51 (21) | 23.22 ± 13.49 (23) | 15.76 ± 2.95 (21) |
Figure 4.
The association between the methylation status of KLOTHO and hypertension for potassium (K)
(ns: not significant, **: p-value <0,05)
Table 4.
The Interaction Between ARNTL and KLOTHO Methylation Status
| Subjects (p + c) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Methylation Status of ARNTL+KLOTHO Genes | Count | % | p value |
| ARNTL Methylated+KLOTHO Methylated | 53 | 46.1% | p>0.05 |
| ARNTL Methylated+KLOTHO Unmethylated | 14 | 12.1% | |
| ARNTL Unmethylated+KLOTHO Methylated | 38 | 33.0% | |
| ARNTL Unmethylated+KLOTHO Unmethylated | 10 | 8.8% | |
| Total | 115 | 100% | |
[i] (% in total subjects containing patients (p) and controls (c))