Demographic and clinical laboratory characteristics of subjects enrolled in the study_
| Characteristic | Group 1 (Obese or overweight diabetics) (n=98) | Group 2 (Diabetics with normal weight) (n=103) | Group 3 (Nondiabetic but overweight or obese) (n=102) | Group 4 (Normal weight and nondiabetics) (n=94) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SDa (years) | 57.6 ± 9.8 | 52.5 ±16.1 | 47.8 ± 12.4 | 34.5 ± 14.8 | 0.00b | |
| Gender | Male | 46 | 64 | 83 | 59 | 0.00c |
| Female | 52 | 39 | 19 | 35 | ||
| Mean TG ± SD (mg/dL) | 184.7 ± 158.9 | 174.5 ± 136.0 | 223.05 ± 184.1 | 110.1 ± 66.1 | 0.00b | |
| Mean TC ± SD (mg/dL) | 187.3 ± 43.3 | 189.1 ± 44.6 | 197.6 ± 36.8 | 181.9 ± 44.4 | 0.00b | |
| Mean LDL ± SD (mg/dL) | 123.3 ± 36.4 | 121.8 ± 37.8 | 128.5 ± 33.8 | 108.2 ± 36.2 | 0.00b | |
| Mean HDL ± SD (mg/dL) | 43.5 ± 12.3 | 45.6 ± 19.4 | 39.3 ± 13.8 | 44.6 ± 11.4 | 0.016b | |
| Mean HbA1C ± SD (%) | 8.8 ± 8.8 | 7.8 ± 2.1 | 5.07 ± 0.39 | 4.8 ± 0.44 | 0.00b | |
| Mean BMI ± SD (Kg/m2) | 33.8 ± 6.5 | 22.1 ± 2.1 | 31.3 ± 4.6 | 21.5 ± 2.09 | 0.00b | |
Genotypes and allele frequencies of rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187 SNPs among all groups combined_
| rs1054135 | |||
| Genotype | Number of subjects | Frequency | |
| Homozygous major allele | GG | 348 | 0.877 |
| Heterozygous | GA | 44 | 0.111 |
| Homozygous minor allele | AA | 5 | 0.013 |
| Total | 397 | 1.0 | |
| Allele | Number of copies | Frequency | |
| G | 740 | 0.932 | |
| A | 54 | 0.068 | |
| Total | 794 | 1.0 | |
| rs16909196 | |||
| Genotype | Number of subjects | Frequency | |
| Homozygous major allele | AA | 259 | 0.652 |
| Heterozygous | AT | 116 | 0.292 |
| Homozygous minor allele | TT | 22 | 0.055 |
| Total | 397 | 1.0 | |
| Allele | Number of copies | Frequency | |
| A | 634 | 0.798 | |
| T | 160 | 0.202 | |
| Total | 794 | 1.0 | |
| rs16909187 | |||
| Genotype | Number of subjects | Frequency | |
| Homozygous major allele | CC | 261 | 0.657 |
| Heterozygous | CT | 114 | 0.287 |
| Homozygous minor allele | TT | 22 | 0.055 |
| Total | 397 | 1.0 | |
| Allele | Number of copies | Frequency | |
| C | 636 | 0.801 | |
| T | 158 | 0.199 | |
| Total | 794 | ||
Genotype distribution of FABP4 SNPs rs1054135, rs16909196, and rs16909187 among the four study groups_
| SNPs | rs1054135 | rs16909196 | rs16909187 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genotypes | GG | GA | AA | AA | AT | TT | CC | CT | TT | |
| Group 1 n=98 | 88 | 8 | 2 | 62 | 29 | 7 | 63 | 28 | 7 | |
| Group 2 n=103 | 90 | 12 | 1 | 68 | 28 | 7 | 68 | 28 | 7 | |
| Group 3 n=102 | 91 | 11 | 0 | 76 | 24 | 2 | 76 | 24 | 2 | |
| Group 4 n=94 | 79 | 13 | 2 | 53 | 35 | 6 | 54 | 34 | 6 | |
| Groups 1 vs 4 | Z score | 1.176 | 1.245 | 0.042 | 0.972 | 1.123 | 0.21 | 0.971 | 1.124 | 0.210 |
| P value | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.97 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 0.83 | 0.33 | 0.2 | 0.83 | |
| Odds ratio | 1.67 | 0.55 | 0.96 | 1.33 | 0.71 | 1.13 | 1.33 | 0.71 | 1.13 | |
| Groups 2 vs 4 | Z score | 0.668 | 0.458 | 0.646 | 1.385 | 1.506 | 0.117 | 1.236 | 1.353 | 0.117 |
| P value | 0.50 | 0.65 | 0.52 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.91 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.91 | |
| Odds ratio | 1.31 | 0.82 | 0.45 | 1.5 | 0.63 | 1.07 | 1.44 | 0.66 | 1.07 | |
| Groups 3 vs 4 | Z score | 1.061 | 0.650 | 1.100 | 2.649 | 2.080 | 1.479 | 2.505 | 1.926 | 1.479 |
| P value | 0.29 | 0.52 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.14 | |
| Odds ratio | 1.57 | 0.75 | 0.18 | 2.26 | 0.52 | 0.29 | 2.17 | 0.54 | 0.29 | |
Linkage disequilibrium of FABP4 genetic variants (rs1054135, rs16909187, and rs16909196) in the four study groups using the Haploview program_
| Study Group | FABP4 Gene Variants | D′ (Linkage disequilibrium parameter) | R2 (Correlation Coefficient) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1: | rs1054135 and rs16909187 | 0.046 | 0.0 |
| rs1054135 and rs16909196 | 0.084 | 0.0 | |
| rs16909187 and rs16909196 | 1.0 | 0.97 | |
| Group 2: | rs1054135 and rs16909187 | 1.0 | 0.019 |
| rs1054135 and rs16909196 | 1.0 | 0.019 | |
| rs16909187 and rs16909196 | 0.97 | 0.94 | |
| Group 3: | rs1054135 and rs16909187 | 1.0 | 0.009 |
| rs1054135 and rs16909196 | 1.0 | 0.009 | |
| rs16909187 and rs16909196 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Group 4: | rs1054135 and rs16909187 | 1.0 | 0.03 |
| rs1054135 and rs16909196 | 1.0 | 0.03 | |
| rs16909187 and rs16909196 | 1.0 | 0.97 |
Assessment of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the three SNPs in the study sample as a whole and in the control group (group 4) alone_
| SNP | Genotypes | The whole studied group (n=397) | X* parameter | Control group (n=94) | X* parameter | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observed | Expected | Observed | Expected | ||||
| rs1054135 | GG | 0.8770 | 0.8687 | - 3.8245 | 0.8400 | 0.8263 | - 3.8140 |
| GA | 0.1110 | 0.1276 | 0.1380 | 0.1654 | |||
| AA | 0.0130 | 0.0047 | 0.0220 | 0.0083 | |||
| rs16909196 | AA | 0.6520 | 0.6374 | - 3.8333 | 0.5740 | 0.5700 | - 3.8410 |
| AT | 0.2920 | 0.3211 | 0.3620 | 0.3670 | |||
| TT | 0.0550 | 0.0404 | 0.0640 | 0.0600 | |||
| rs16909187 | CC | 0.6570 | 0.6414 | - 3.8319 | 0.5640 | 0.5625 | - 3.8414 |
| CT | 0.2870 | 0.3181 | 0.3720 | 0.3750 | |||
| TT | 0.0550 | 0.0394 | 0.064 | 0.0625 | |||
Comparison of (rs1054135, rs16909196, and rs16909187) haplotypes between control group and other groups_
| rs1054135, rs16909196, and rs16909187 haplotypes | GAC | GTT | AAC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (Obese or overweight diabetics) | 0.732 | 0.202 | 0.049 | |
| Group 2 (Diabetics with normal weight) | 0.723 | 0.199 | 0.068 | |
| Group 3 (Non-diabetic but overweight or obese) | 0.809 | 0.137 | 0.054 | |
| Group 4 (Control) (Normal weight nondiabetics) | 0.660 | 0.245 | 0.090 | |
| Groups 1 vs 4 | z score | 1.085 | -0.716 | -1.12 |
| p value | 0.28 | 0.47 | 0.26 | |
| Groups 2 vs 4 | z score | 0.958 | -0.777 | -0.574 |
| p value | 0.34 | 0.44 | 0.57 | |
| Groups 3 vs 4 | z score | 2.369 | -1.93 | -0.979 |
| p value | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.33 | |