Adipocyte “Fatty Acid Binding Protein” Gene Polymorphisms (rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187) in Jordanians with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Characteristic		Group 1 (Obese or overweight diabetics) (n=98)	Group 2 (Diabetics with normal weight) (n=103)	Group 3 (Nondiabetic but overweight or obese) (n=102)	Group 4 (Normal weight and nondiabetics) (n=94)	p-value
Mean age ± SD^a (years)		57.6 ± 9.8	52.5 ±16.1	47.8 ± 12.4	34.5 ± 14.8	0.00^b
Gender	Male	46	64	83	59	0.00^c
Gender	Female	52	39	19	35	0.00^c
Mean TG ± SD (mg/dL)		184.7 ± 158.9	174.5 ± 136.0	223.05 ± 184.1	110.1 ± 66.1	0.00^b
Mean TC ± SD (mg/dL)		187.3 ± 43.3	189.1 ± 44.6	197.6 ± 36.8	181.9 ± 44.4	0.00^b
Mean LDL ± SD (mg/dL)		123.3 ± 36.4	121.8 ± 37.8	128.5 ± 33.8	108.2 ± 36.2	0.00^b
Mean HDL ± SD (mg/dL)		43.5 ± 12.3	45.6 ± 19.4	39.3 ± 13.8	44.6 ± 11.4	0.016^b
Mean Hb_A1C ± SD (%)		8.8 ± 8.8	7.8 ± 2.1	5.07 ± 0.39	4.8 ± 0.44	0.00^b
Mean BMI ± SD (Kg/m²)		33.8 ± 6.5	22.1 ± 2.1	31.3 ± 4.6	21.5 ± 2.09	0.00^b

{ label (or @symbol) needed for fn[@id='j_bjmg-2022-0019_t1fn1'] } TG (triglycerides), TC (total cholesterol), LDL (low density lipoprotein), HDL (high density lipoprotein), HB_A1C (hemoglobin A1C), BMI (body mass index), m (height in meters),

{ label (or @symbol) needed for fn[@id='j_bjmg-2022-0019_t1fn2'] } SD^a (standard deviation),

b (ANOVA test),

c (Pearson Chi-square test).

Table 2.

Genotypes and allele frequencies of rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187 SNPs among all groups combined.

rs1054135
Genotype		Number of subjects	Frequency
Homozygous major allele	GG	348	0.877
Heterozygous	GA	44	0.111
Homozygous minor allele	AA	5	0.013
Total		397	1.0

	Allele	Number of copies	Frequency
	G	740	0.932
	A	54	0.068
	Total	794	1.0

rs16909196
Genotype		Number of subjects	Frequency
Homozygous major allele	AA	259	0.652
Heterozygous	AT	116	0.292
Homozygous minor allele	TT	22	0.055
	Total	397	1.0

	Allele	Number of copies	Frequency
	A	634	0.798
	T	160	0.202
	Total	794	1.0

rs16909187
Genotype		Number of subjects	Frequency
Homozygous major allele	CC	261	0.657
Heterozygous	CT	114	0.287
Homozygous minor allele	TT	22	0.055
	Total	397	1.0

	Allele	Number of copies	Frequency
	C	636	0.801
	T	158	0.199
	Total	794

Table 3.

Assessment of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the three SNPs in the study sample as a whole and in the control group (group 4) alone.

SNP	Genotypes	The whole studied group (n=397)		X* parameter	Control group (n=94)		X* parameter
SNP			Observed	Expected		Observed	Expected
rs1054135	GG	0.8770	0.8687	- 3.8245	0.8400	0.8263	- 3.8140
	GA	0.1110	0.1276		0.1380	0.1654
	AA	0.0130	0.0047		0.0220	0.0083

rs16909196	AA	0.6520	0.6374	- 3.8333	0.5740	0.5700	- 3.8410
	AT	0.2920	0.3211		0.3620	0.3670
	TT	0.0550	0.0404		0.0640	0.0600

rs16909187	CC	0.6570	0.6414	- 3.8319	0.5640	0.5625	- 3.8414
	CT	0.2870	0.3181		0.3720	0.3750
	TT	0.0550	0.0394		0.064	0.0625

* According to the online calculator used, when X is greater than or equal to zero, then there are significant changes between the observed and expected genotype frequencies, and the genotypes are not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Table 4:

Genotype distribution of FABP4 SNPs rs1054135, rs16909196, and rs16909187 among the four study groups.

SNPs		rs1054135			rs16909196			rs16909187
Genotypes		GG	GA	AA	AA	AT	TT	CC	CT	TT
Group 1 n=98		88	8	2	62	29	7	63	28	7
Group 2 n=103		90	12	1	68	28	7	68	28	7
Group 3 n=102		91	11	0	76	24	2	76	24	2
Group 4 n=94		79	13	2	53	35	6	54	34	6

Groups 1 vs 4	Z score	1.176	1.245	0.042	0.972	1.123	0.21	0.971	1.124	0.210
	P value	0.24	0.21	0.97	0.33	0.26	0.83	0.33	0.2	0.83
	Odds ratio	1.67 (0.71-3.93)	0.55 (0.22-1.40)	0.96 (0.13-6.95)	1.33 (0.75-2.38)	0.71 (0.39-1.29)	1.13 (0.36-3.49)	1.33 (0.75-2.38)	0.71 (0.38-1.30)	1.13 (0.36-3.49)

Groups 2 vs 4	Z score	0.668	0.458	0.646	1.385	1.506	0.117	1.236	1.353	0.117
	P value	0.50	0.65	0.52	0.17	0.13	0.91	0.22	0.18	0.91
	Odds ratio	1.31 (0.59-2.93)	0.82 (0.36-1.90	0.45 (0.04-5.06)	1.5 (0.84-2.68)	0.63 (0.34-1.15)	1.07 (0.35-3.3)	1.44 (0.81-2.56)	0.66 (0.36-1.20)	1.07 (0.35-3.30)

Groups 3 vs 4	Z score	1.061	0.650	1.100	2.649	2.080	1.479	2.505	1.926	1.479
	P value	0.29	0.52	0.27	0.01	0.04	0.14	0.01	0.05	0.14
	Odds ratio	1.57 (0.68-3.62)	0.75 (0.32-1.77)	0.18 (0.01-3.81)	2.26 (1.24-4.14)	0.52 (0.28-0.96)	0.29 (0.06-1.49)	2.17 (1.18-3.96)	0.54 (0.29-1.01)	0.29 (0.06-1.49)

Table 5.

Comparison of (rs1054135, rs16909196, and rs16909187) haplotypes between control group and other groups.

rs1054135, rs16909196, and rs16909187 haplotypes		GAC	GTT	AAC
Group 1 (Obese or overweight diabetics)		0.732	0.202	0.049
Group 2 (Diabetics with normal weight)		0.723	0.199	0.068
Group 3 (Non-diabetic but overweight or obese)		0.809	0.137	0.054
Group 4 (Control) (Normal weight nondiabetics)		0.660	0.245	0.090

Groups 1 vs 4	z score	1.085	-0.716	-1.12
Groups 1 vs 4	p value	0.28	0.47	0.26
Groups 2 vs 4	z score	0.958	-0.777	-0.574
Groups 2 vs 4	p value	0.34	0.44	0.57
Groups 3 vs 4	z score	2.369	-1.93	-0.979
Groups 3 vs 4	p value	0.02	0.05	0.33

Table 6.

Linkage disequilibrium of FABP4 genetic variants (rs1054135, rs16909187, and rs16909196) in the four study groups using the Haploview program.

Study Group	FABP4 Gene Variants	D′ (Linkage disequilibrium parameter)	R² (Correlation Coefficient)
Group 1: (Obese or overweight diabetics)	rs1054135 and rs16909187	0.046	0.0
	rs1054135 and rs16909196	0.084	0.0
	rs16909187 and rs16909196	1.0	0.97

Group 2: (Diabetics with normal weight)	rs1054135 and rs16909187	1.0	0.019
	rs1054135 and rs16909196	1.0	0.019
	rs16909187 and rs16909196	0.97	0.94

Group 3: Nondiabetic but overweight or obese)	rs1054135 and rs16909187	1.0	0.009
	rs1054135 and rs16909196	1.0	0.009
	rs16909187 and rs16909196	1.0	1.0

Group 4: (Control) (Normal weight nondiabetics)	rs1054135 and rs16909187	1.0	0.03
	rs1054135 and rs16909196	1.0	0.03
	rs16909187 and rs16909196	1.0	0.97

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2022-0019 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5761 (formerly 1311-0160) | Journal ISSN: 1311-0160

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 63 - 70

Published on: May 2, 2023

Published by: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus,

FABP4 gene polymorphism,

Obesity,

Related subjects:

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2023 S.W. El-Ryalat, Y.M. Irshaid, M. Abujbara, M. El-Khateeb, K.M. Ajlouni, published by Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 25 (2022): Issue 2 (December 2022)