Table 1
Details of polymerase chain reaction primers and restriction endonucleases used, and of the resulting restriction fragments.
| GHRL Polymorphism | PCR Primers (5’>3’) | Restriction Enzyme | Digestion Pattern | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs34911341 (Arg51Gln) | F: TCC AGC CTG CCA CTT AGC R: GGA CCC TGT TC ACT GCC AC | SacI | C allele: 373 bp; T allele: 210 and 163 bp | [28] |
| rs696217 (Leu72Met) | F: TCC AGC CTG CCA CTT AGC R: GGA CCC TGT TC ACT GCC AC | BsrI | G allele: 373 bp; T allele: 271 and 101 bp | [28] |
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of the studied population.
| Parameters | Obese Subjects (n=106) | Non Obese Subjects (n=95) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 41.56±9.87 | 39.03±9.45 | 0.066 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 41.58±4.93 | 22.61±1.82 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 112.40±13.13 | 85.50±7.33 | <0.0001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 120.50±12.57 | 99.10±6.14 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 102.5±23.46 | 89.60±7.35 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 231.30±38.17 | 203.90±35.57 | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 144.30±33.42 | 125.70±30.29 | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 47.40±10.55 | 54.80±9.36 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 163.10±85.11 | 102.20±41.22 | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.60±4.01 | 2.20±1.13 | <0.0001 |
Table 3
The genotype distribution and the allele frequencies of the GHRL gene variants. [Results are presented as n (%)]
| A) Genotype | Obese Subjects (n=106) | Non Obese Subjects (n=95) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs34911341 (C>T) (Arg51Gln) | |||
| CC | 104 (98.12) | 95 (100.00) | 0.40 |
| CT | 1 (0.94) | 0 (0.00) | |
| TT | 1 (0.94) | 0 (0.00) | |
| rs696217 (G>T) (Leu72Met) | |||
| GG | 37 (34.91) | 57 (60.00) | 0.0012 |
| GT | 57 (53.77) | 34 (35.79) | |
| TT | 12 (11.32) | 4 (4.21) | |
| B) Allele Frequency | Obese Subjects (n=106) | Non Obese Subjects (n=95) | p Value |
| rs34911341 (C>T) (Arg51Gln) | |||
| C | 209 (98.58) | 190 (100.00) | 0.25 |
| T | 3 (1.42) | 0 (0.00) | |
| rs696217 (G>T) (Leu72Met) | |||
| G | 131 (61.79) | 148 (77.79) | 0.0005 |
| T | 81 (38.21) | 42 (22.11) | |
Table 4
Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of all subjects in the genotypes of the rs696217 (G>T) polymorphism. [Data are expressed as mean±SD. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for comparison of the subgroups; bold p values are significant.]
| Parameters | GG (n=94) | GT (n=91) | TT (n=16) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 40.17±8.48 | 40.30±11.13 | 41.88±8.43 | 0.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.00±24.48 | 31.30±8.68 | 33.13±9.44 | 0.81 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 95.61±15.70a | 102.90±17.43 | 105.50±20.83 | 0.005 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 106.70±13.87b,c | 113.10±14.08 | 116.60±17.23 | 0.002 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 93.83±12.75 | 97.62±17.88 | 105.20±41.12 | 0.06 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 221.00±34.66 | 212.90±43.36 | 233.40±44.09 | 0.104 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 134.5.0±29.26 | 134.30±35.43 | 148.50±41.23 | 0.266 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.94±10.61 | 48.62±10.56d | 52.25±9.16 | 0.018 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 129.00±64.40 | 137.80±80.77 | 145.80±92.20 | 0.59 |
| HOMA-IR | 3502.00±2.20 | 3246.00±2.40 | 4522.00±3.90 | 0.34 |
[i] BMI: ment body of insulin mass resistance. index; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR: homeostatis model assess-
a Significant difference between GG genotype and GT genotype by post-hoc Tukey test (p = 0.0104).
b Significant difference between GG genotype and GT genotype by post-hoc Tukey test (p = 0.0068).
c Significant difference between GG genotype and TT genotype by post-hoc Tukey test (p = 0.028).
d Significant difference between GG genotype and GT genotype by post-hoc Tukey test (p = 0.015).