The interaction of female age and active male smoking has negative influence on success rates of the in vitro fertilization treatments

Parameters	Male Non Smokers	Male Smokers	p Value
Number of patients	329 (46.87%)	373 (53.13%)
Males (age) (mean±SD)	36.5±5.2	35.1±4.5	0.00015a
Females (age) (mean±SD)	31.5±3.9	32.2±4.4	0.027a
Number of Female smokers (%)	117 (35.56%)	132 (35.39%)	0.96
Female BMI (mean±SD)	24.3±4.05	24.6±3.90	0.36

BMI: body mass index.

a Ap value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Table 2

parameters.

Male Variables (mean±SD)	Male Non Smokers	Male Smokers	Mann-Whitney U Test	p Valuea
Number of retrieved oocytes (median)	10.8±6.6 (10)	11.1±16.9(10)	Z=0.17	0.86
Number of mature oocytes (median)	9.0±5.7 (8)	9.2±15.9 (8)	Z=0.02	0.98
Number of fertilized oocytes (median)	6.8±4.2 (6)	6.8±14.5 (6)	Z=0.4	0.67
Fertilization rate	0.8±0.2	0.8±0.2	Z=0.19	0.85
Number of excellent quality transferred embryos (median)	2.3±0.7 (2)	2.3±0.8 (3)	Z=0.9	0.35
Number of transferred embryos (median)	2.6±0.6 (3)	2.6±0.7 (3)	Z=0.2	0.8

Z: Mann-Whitney U test.

a Significant p value.

Table 3

Clinical results in correlation to smoking status of male patients of all ages per embryo transfer.

Clinical Parameters	Non Smokers n (%)a	Smokers n (%)b
Pregnancy rate	173 (52.6)	192(51.5)
Clinical pregnancy rate	160 (48.6)	164 (43.9)
Biochemical pregnancy rate	13 (7.69)	28 (13.4)
Ongoing pregnancy rate	151 (45.9)	134 (35.9)c
Live birth rate	150 (45.6)	131 (35.1)c
Early pregnancy loss rate	9 (5.63)	30 (18.3)c

a In the group of non smokers we had one patient with late pregnancy loss at 18 weeks of pregnancy.

b In the group of smokers, we had two patients with late pregnancy loss, one at 15 weeks of pregnancy and one at 17 weeks of pregnancy. We also had one patient with deliver a fetus mortus in utero at 25 weeks of pregnancy.

c A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Table 4

Binary logistic regression: Overall relative chance of clinical pregnancy in IVF process, according to male smoking status.

Women’s Age	Male Smokers	n	OR (crude)	OR (adjusted for athernozoospermia)	OR (adjusted for female smokers)
All ages	Non smokers	329
	Smokers	373	1.21 (0.89-1.62)	1.22(0.91-1.64)	1.201 (0.90-1.62)
Women <35 years	Non smokers	239
	Smokers	234	0.96 (0.67-1.37)	0.99 (0.69-1.42)	0.96 (0.67-1.37)
	Non smokers	90
Women >35 years	Smokers	139	1.69 (0.97-2.93)	1.63 (0.93-2.85)	1.34 (0.75-2.37)

[i] OR: odds ratio.

Table 5

Binary logistic regression: Overall relative chance of live birth in IVF process according to male smoking status.

Women’s Age	Male Smokers	n	OR (crude)	OR (adjusted for athernozoospermia)	OR (adjusted for female smokers)
	Non smokers	329
All ages	Smokers	373	1.53 (1.13-2.07)	1.56 (1.15-2.12)	1.53 (1.13-2.07)
Women <35 years	Non smokers	239
	Smokers	234	1.15 (0.81-1.66	1.21 (0.84-1.75)	1.16 (0.81-1.66)
	Non smokers	90
Women >35 years	Smokers	139	2.52 (1.39-4.56)	2.42 (1.33-4.41)	2.53 (1.40-4.59)

[i] OR: odds ratio.

Dependent variable: non parturient/parturient OR.

Table 6

Binary logistic regression: Overall relative chance of live birth in IVF process according to male passive smoking status.

Women’s Age	Male Smokers	n	OR (crude)	OR (adjusted for athernozoospermia)
All ages	Non smokers (both partners)	212
	Male passive smokers	117	1.302 (0.828-2.047)	1.260 (0.798-1.991)
All ages	Non smokers (both partners)	212
	Female passive smokers	241	1.543 (1.441-1.653)	1.599 (1.492-1.714)

[i] OR: odds ratio.

Dependent variable: non parturient/parturient OR.

Table 7

Binary logistic regression model: Overall relative chance of live birth in ICSI process, according to male smoking status and age of the female.

Variable	B	SE	Wald	Significant p Value
Women (<35 yearsa/>35 years)	0.82	0.17	21.8	0.000
Men (non smokersb/smokers)	0.36	0.16	5.23	0.022
Constant	-0.06	0.12	0.27	0.601

B: coefficient; SE: standard error; Wald: Wald test; Sig.: significant p value.

Dependent variable: non parturient/parturient OR (odds ratio).

a Referent category: age/women <35 years.

b Referent category: non smoker.

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2020-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5761 (formerly 1311-0160) | Journal ISSN: 1311-0160

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Language: English

Page range: 57 - 62

Published on: Aug 26, 2020

Published by: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Assisted reproduction treatment (ART),

Infertility,

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI),

In vitro fertilization (IVF),

Male smoking

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2020 E Petanovska Kostova, published by Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 23 (2020): Issue 1 (June 2020)