Demographic characteristics of patients in relation to male smoking status_
| Parameters | Male Non Smokers | Male Smokers | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 329 (46.87%) | 373 (53.13%) | |
| Males (age) (mean±SD) | 36.5±5.2 | 35.1±4.5 | 0.00015 Ap value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. |
| Females (age) (mean±SD) | 31.5±3.9 | 32.2±4.4 | 0.027 Ap value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. |
| Number of Female smokers (%) | 117 (35.56%) | 132 (35.39%) | 0.96 |
| Female BMI (mean±SD) | 24.3±4.05 | 24.6±3.90 | 0.36 |
parameters_
| Male Variables (mean±SD) | Male Non Smokers | Male Smokers | Mann-Whitney U Test | p Value Significant p value. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of retrieved oocytes (median) | 10.8±6.6 (10) | 11.1±16.9(10) | Z=0.17 | 0.86 |
| Number of mature oocytes (median) | 9.0±5.7 (8) | 9.2±15.9 (8) | Z=0.02 | 0.98 |
| Number of fertilized oocytes (median) | 6.8±4.2 (6) | 6.8±14.5 (6) | Z=0.4 | 0.67 |
| Fertilization rate | 0.8±0.2 | 0.8±0.2 | Z=0.19 | 0.85 |
| Number of excellent quality transferred embryos (median) | 2.3±0.7 (2) | 2.3±0.8 (3) | Z=0.9 | 0.35 |
| Number of transferred embryos (median) | 2.6±0.6 (3) | 2.6±0.7 (3) | Z=0.2 | 0.8 |
Clinical results in correlation to smoking status of male patients of all ages per embryo transfer_
| Clinical Parameters | Non Smokers n (%) In the group of non smokers we had one patient with late pregnancy loss at 18 weeks of pregnancy. | Smokers n (%) In the group of smokers, we had two patients with late pregnancy loss, one at 15 weeks of pregnancy and one at 17 weeks of pregnancy. We also had one patient with deliver a fetus mortus in utero at 25 weeks of pregnancy. |
|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy rate | 173 (52.6) | 192(51.5) |
| Clinical pregnancy rate | 160 (48.6) | 164 (43.9) |
| Biochemical pregnancy rate | 13 (7.69) | 28 (13.4) |
| Ongoing pregnancy rate | 151 (45.9) | 134 (35.9) A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. |
| Live birth rate | 150 (45.6) | 131 (35.1) A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. |
| Early pregnancy loss rate | 9 (5.63) | 30 (18.3) A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. |
Binary logistic regression: Overall relative chance of live birth in IVF process according to male passive smoking status_
| Women’s Age | Male Smokers | n | OR (crude) | OR (adjusted for athernozoospermia) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All ages | Non smokers (both partners) | 212 | ||
| Male passive smokers | 117 | 1.302 (0.828-2.047) | 1.260 (0.798-1.991) | |
| All ages | Non smokers (both partners) | 212 | ||
| Female passive smokers | 241 | 1.543 (1.441-1.653) | 1.599 (1.492-1.714) |
Binary logistic regression: Overall relative chance of clinical pregnancy in IVF process, according to male smoking status_
| Women’s Age | Male Smokers | n | OR (crude) | OR (adjusted for athernozoospermia) | OR (adjusted for female smokers) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All ages | Non smokers | 329 | |||
| Smokers | 373 | 1.21 (0.89-1.62) | 1.22(0.91-1.64) | 1.201 (0.90-1.62) | |
| Women <35 years | Non smokers | 239 | |||
| Smokers | 234 | 0.96 (0.67-1.37) | 0.99 (0.69-1.42) | 0.96 (0.67-1.37) | |
| Non smokers | 90 | ||||
| Women >35 years | Smokers | 139 | 1.69 (0.97-2.93) | 1.63 (0.93-2.85) | 1.34 (0.75-2.37) |
Binary logistic regression model: Overall relative chance of live birth in ICSI process, according to male smoking status and age of the female_
| Variable | B | SE | Wald | Significant p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (<35 years Referent category: age/women <35 years. | 0.82 | 0.17 | 21.8 | 0.000 |
| Men (non smokers Referent category: non smoker. | 0.36 | 0.16 | 5.23 | 0.022 |
| Constant | -0.06 | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.601 |
Binary logistic regression: Overall relative chance of live birth in IVF process according to male smoking status_
| Women’s Age | Male Smokers | n | OR (crude) | OR (adjusted for athernozoospermia) | OR (adjusted for female smokers) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non smokers | 329 | ||||
| All ages | Smokers | 373 | 1.53 (1.13-2.07) | 1.56 (1.15-2.12) | 1.53 (1.13-2.07) |
| Women <35 years | Non smokers | 239 | |||
| Smokers | 234 | 1.15 (0.81-1.66 | 1.21 (0.84-1.75) | 1.16 (0.81-1.66) | |
| Non smokers | 90 | ||||
| Women >35 years | Smokers | 139 | 2.52 (1.39-4.56) | 2.42 (1.33-4.41) | 2.53 (1.40-4.59) |