The demographic characteristics of the studied subjects_ (Results are presented as mean±SD_)
| Characteristics | Male Smokers | Male COPD Patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPD Patients (n=256) | Healthy Controls (n=435) | p Valuea | Still Smoking (n=256) | Non Smoking (n=410) | p Valuea | |
| Age (years) | 67.6±11.1 | 57.1±13.2 | <0.001 | 67.6±11.1 | 70.7±8.2 | <0.001 |
| BMI (years) | 21.5±3.5 | 21.8±3.4 | 0.13 | 21.0±2.9 | 28.8±3.1 | 0.220 |
| Smoking Cigarettes/variables: day | 27.0±15.1 | 19.7±11.7 | <0.001 | 27.0±15.1 | 21.2±9.7 | <0.001 |
| Years smoking | 40.2±9.9 | 31.4±14.7 | <0.001 | 40.2±9.9 | 34.9±13.4 | <0.001 |
| Post-FEV1 predicted | 58.0±5.6 | 104.7±9.6 | <0.001 | 58.0±5.6 | 59.1±16.2 | 0.0352 |
| Post-FEV1/FVC ratio | 52.7±8.7 | 78.5±5.6 | <0.001 | 52.7±8.7 | 53.9±8.6 | 0.056 |
| GOLD status: | ||||||
| Stage I (mild) | 114 | – | – | 114 | 133 | – |
| Stage II (moderate) | 120 | – | – | 120 | 138 | – |
| Stage III (severe) | 98 | – | – | 98 | 121 | – |
| Stage IV (very severe) | 75 | – | – | 75 | 24 | – |
Association of genotype distribution of three SNPs with smoking cessation in still smoking and non smoking subjects_
| SNP ID | Genotype | Still Smoking | Non Smoking | Logistics | Regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | pa (χ2) | OR (95% CI)b | pa (χ2) | |||
| rs3743073 | GG | 109 (26.8) | 92 (22.1) | 1 (reference) | |||
| GT | 190 (46.7) | 221 (53.1) | 0.063 | 1.01 (0.66-1.53) | 0.975 | ||
| TT | 108 (26.5) | 103 (24.8) | 0.093 | 0.73 (0.51-1.05) | 0.731 | ||
| rs667282 | TT | 118 (29.0) | 92 (22.1) | 1 (reference) | |||
| CT | 162 (39.8) | 205 (49.3) | 0.005 | 0.54 (0.37-0.77) | 0.001 | ||
| CC | 127 (31.2) | 119 (28.6) | 0.330 | 0.75 (0.50-1.10) | 0.142 | ||
| CT+CC | 289 (71.0) | 324 (77.9) | 0.024 | 0.61 (0.44-0.86) | 0.004 | ||
| TT+CC | 245 (60.2) | 211 (50.7) | – | – | – | ||
| CT | 162 (39.8) | 205 (49.3) | 0.006 | 0.61 (0.45-0.83) | 0.001 | ||
| rs4950 | AA | 183 (45.0) | 143 (34.3) | 1 (reference) | |||
| AG | 164 (40.3) | 217 (52.2) | 0.001 | 0.55 (0.40-0.76) | <0.001 | ||
| GG | 60 (14.7) | 56 (13.5) | 0.412 | 0.85 (0.54-1.32) | 0.462 | ||
| AG+GG | 224 (55.0) | 273 (65.7) | 0.002 | 0.62 (0.46-0.83) | 0.001 | ||
| AA+GG | 243 (59.7) | 199 (47.8) | – | – | – | ||
| AG | 164 (40.3) | 217 (52.2) | 0.001 | 0.58 (0.43-0.79) | <0.001 |
Association of genotype distribution of three SNPs with COPD risk in the patients and controls_
| SNP ID | Genotype | COPD Patients | Healthy Controls | Logistics | Regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | pa (χ2) | OR (95% CI) | pa (χ2) | |||
| rs3743073 | GG | 109 (26.8) | 106 (24.4) | 1 (reference) | |||
| GT | 190 (46.7) | 207 (47.6) | 0.502 | 1.14 (0.69-1.88) | 0.615 | ||
| TT | 108 (26.5) | 122 (28.0) | 0.430 | 1.24 (0.81-1.91) | 0.322 | ||
| rs667282 | TT | 118 (29.0) | 108 (24.8) | 1 (reference) | |||
| CT | 162 (39.8) | 197 (45.3) | 0.095 | 0.77 (0.51-1.15) | 0.196 | ||
| CC | 127 (31.2) | 130 (29.9) | 0.540 | 0.70 (0.48-1.02) | 0.066 | ||
| rs4950 | AA | 183 (45.0) | 208 (47.8) | 1 (reference) | |||
| AG | 164 (40.3) | 181 (41.6) | 0.842 | 1.28 (0.78-2.07) | 0.310 | ||
| GG | 60 (14.7) | 46 (10.6) | 0.073 | 0.90 (0.65-1.26) | 0.549 |
Association of rs667282 and rs4950 polymorphisms with the GOLD stage of COPD patients_
| Category | Still Smoking | OR (95% CI) | p Value | Non Smoking | OR (95% CI) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs667292 | TT | CT | TT | CT | ||||
| GOLD status: I and II | 71 | 93 | reference | 55 | 126 | reference | ||
| GOLD status: III and IV | 48 | 70 | 0.90 (0.57-1.45) | 0.661 | 45 | 79 | 1.31 (0.80-2.12) | 0.281 |
| rs4950 | AA | AG | AA | AG | ||||
| GOLD status: I and II | 102 | 110 | reference | 104 | 136 | reference | ||
| GOLD status: III and IV | 78 | 82 | 1.03 (0.68-1.55) | 0.903 | 42 | 78 | 0.70 (0.45-0.11) | 0.129 |
Stratification analysis of rs667282 genotypes by selected variables in still smoking and non smoking subjects_
| Category | Still Smoking | Non Smoking | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TT | CT | TT | CT | OR (9% CI) | p Value | |||
| Age (years) | <60 | 39 | 53 | 22 | 45 | 0.66 (0.35-1.28) | 0.221 | |
| 60 | 80 | 109 | 78 | 160 | 0.66 (0.45-0.99) | 0.042 | ||
| Cigarettes/Day | <20 | 84 | 104 | 77 | 164 | 0.58 (0.39-0.86) | 0.007 | |
| 20 | 35 | 58 | 23 | 41 | 0.93 (0.48-1.80) | 0.829 | ||
| Initial age smoking | <20 years | 75 | 114 | 66 | 149 | 0.67 (0.45-1.02) | 0.059 | |
| >20 years | 44 | 48 | 34 | 56 | 0.66 (0.37-1.20) | 0.171 | ||
Stratification analysis of rs4950 genotypes by selected variables in still smoking and non smoking subjects_
| Category | Still Smoking | Non Smoking | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AA | AG | AA | AG | OR (9% CI) | p Value | |||
| Age (years) | <60 | 52 | 76 | 28 | 40 | 1.02 (0.56-1.86) | 0.940 | |
| >60 | 128 | 106 | 118 | 174 | 1.22 (0.86-1.73) | 0.260 | ||
| Cigarettes/Day | <20 | 116 | 114 | 106 | 161 | 0.65 (0.45-0.92) | 0.016 | |
| >20 | 64 | 68 | 40 | 53 | 0.80 (0.47-1.37) | 0.417 | ||
| Initial age smoking | <20 years | 113 | 116 | 94 | 133 | 0.73 (0.50-1.05) | 0.089 | |
| >20 years | 67 | 66 | 52 | 81 | 0.63 (0.39-1.03) | 0.064 | ||