Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The Concept of Subordination as an Element of Employment for Digital Platform Workers in the Republic of Lithuania Cover

The Concept of Subordination as an Element of Employment for Digital Platform Workers in the Republic of Lithuania

Open Access
|Jan 2025

References

  1. Belli, L. and N. Zingales. “Online Platforms’ Roles and Responsibilities: A Call for Action”: 25–38. In: L. Belli et al. <em>Platform regulations: how platforms are regulated and how they regulate us</em>. Rio de Janeiro: FGV Direito Rio, 2017.
  2. <em>Case law in administrative law in cases of administrative offenses concerning illegal work summary and recommendations for the application of law</em>. 2005, 24.
  3. Davulis, Tomas. <em>Commentary on the Labour Code of the Republic of Lithuania</em>. Vilnius: VĮ Registrų centras, 2018, 132.
  4. Davulis, Tomas. “Savarankiškai dirbančių asmenų teisė į kolektyvines derybas ir teisė į streiką.” <em>Darbo teisės iššūkiai besikeičiančiame pasaulyje</em>. Vilnius: Mykolo Romerio universitetas, 2020, 43.
  5. Dunn, Michael. “Making Gigs Work: Digital Platforms, Job Quality and Worker Motivations.” <em>New Technology, Work and Employment</em> 35, No. 2: 1 // ISSN 1468-005X.
  6. Freedland, Mark. “New Trade Union Strategies for New Forms of Employment – A Brief Analytical and Normative Foreword.” <em>European Labour Law Journal</em> 10, No. 3 (2019): 179 at 181–82.
  7. Forde, Chris, Mark Stuart, Simon Joyce, Lindsey Oliver, Danat Valizade, Gabriella Alberti, Kate Hardy, Vera Trappman, Charles Umney, and Charles Carson, with contributions from J. Katja and G. Yordanova. <em>The Social Protection of Workers in the Platform Economy</em>. Directorate-General for Internal Policies, Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy, European Parliament (2017): 125.
  8. Griswold, Alison. “Uber’s Secret Weapon Is Its Team of Economists.” <em>Quartz</em> (14 October 2018) // [<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://qz.com/1367800/ubernomics-is-ubers-semi-secret-internal-economics-department]">https://qz.com/1367800/ubernomics-is-ubers-semi-secret-internal-economics-department]</ext-link> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://perma.cc/Z5JQ-9VUU">https://perma.cc/Z5JQ-9VUU</ext-link>)
  9. International Labour Organization. “Digital Labour Platforms and the Future of Work: Towards Decent Work in the Online World.” <em>Report</em> (2018) // [<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_645337.pdf](https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgre-ports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_645337.pdf">https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_645337.pdf](https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgre-ports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_645337.pdf</ext-link>)
  10. Kalamatiev, Todor, Nikola Murdzev. “The Notion of Digital Labour Platforms and the European Incentive for Improvement of the Working Conditions of the Platform Workers.” <em>Harmonius: Journal of Legal and Social Studies in South East Europe</em> (2022): 212.
  11. Lévesque, Christian, Peter Fairbrother, and Nicolas Roby. “Digitalization and Regulation of Work and Employment: Introduction.” <em>Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations</em> 75, No. 4 (Fall) (2020): 647 // <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.7202/1074558ar" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.7202/1074558ar</a>">https://doi.org/10.7202/1074558ar</ext-link>
  12. Pape, Marketa. <em>European Parliamentary Research Service</em>. PE 698.923. Members’ Research Service, March 2024.
  13. Perset, K. “The Economic and Social Role of Internet Intermediaries.” <em>OECD Digital Economy Papers</em> No. 171 (2010) // [<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmh79zzs8vb-en" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmh79zzs8vb-en</a>]">https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmh79zzs8vb-en]</ext-link> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmh79zzs8vb-en" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmh79zzs8vb-en</a>">https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmh79zzs8vb-en</ext-link>)
  14. PPMI. <em>Study to Support the Impact Assessment of an EU Initiative on Improving Working Conditions in Platform Work</em>. 2021.
  15. Sieker, Felix. “Platform Work and Access to Social Protection across Major European Countries.” <em>Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy</em> 38, No. 3 (2022): 193–207 // <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2022.13" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2022.13</a>">https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2022.13</ext-link>
  16. Schoukens, Paul, and Alberto Barrio. “The Changing Concept of Work: When Does Typical Work Become Atypical?” <em>European Labour Law Journal</em> 8, No. 4 (2017): 310.
  17. Stojkovic Zlatanovic, Sanja, and Ivana Ostojic. “Labour Law Status of Platform Workers – Between Autonomy and Subordination.” <em>Regional Law Review</em> (2021): 269–282.
  18. Zwick, Austin. “Welcome to the Gig Economy: Neoliberal Industrial Relations and the Case of Uber.” <em>GeoJournal</em> 83, No. 4 (2018): 679.
  19. European Commission. <em>Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Improving Working Conditions in Platform Work, COM (2021) 762 final, 2021/414 (COD).</em> Brussels: European Commission, 9 December 2021.
  20. European Parliament and Council. <em>Regulation (EU) 2019/1150 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services.</em> OJ L 186, 2019.
  21. <em>European Parliament legislative resolution of 24 April 2024 on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on improving working conditions in platform work.</em> COM(2021)0762 – C9-0454/2021 – 2021/0414(COD).
  22. <em>Labour Code of the Republic of Lithuania</em>. TAR 2016-09-19, i. k. 2016-23709.
  23. Supreme Court of The Republic of Lithuania. 11 February 2001, judgement No. 3K-3-264/2002.
  24. Supreme Court of The Republic of Lithuania. 27 June 2006, judgement No. 3K-3-387/2006.
  25. Supreme Court of The Republic of Lithuania. 4 April 2023, judgement No. e3K-3-109-684/2023.
Language: English
Page range: 61 - 76
Submitted on: Feb 24, 2024
Accepted on: Sep 2, 2024
Published on: Jan 22, 2025
Published by: Vytautas Magnus University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 times per year

© 2025 Rūta Globytė, published by Vytautas Magnus University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.