References
- Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime on the penalization of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature, approved by the Council of Europe, ratified by Albania with Law No. 9262, dated 29 July 2004, ETS 189, in force from 1 July 2004.
- Constitution of the Republic of Albania, approved by Law No. 8417, dated 21.10.1998, FZ No. 28, dated 07.12.1998, amended by laws: No. 9675, dated 13.01.2007, FZ No. 2, dated 14.01.2007; No. 9904, dated 21.04.2008, FZ No. 61, dated 07.05.2008; No. 88/2012, dated 18.09.2012, FZ No. 132, dated 10.10.2012; No. 137/2015, dated 17.12.2015; No. 76/2016, dated 22.07.2016, FZ No. 138, dated 27.07.2016; No. 115/2020, dated 30.07.2020, FZ No. 153, dated 05.08.2022; No. 16/2022, dated 10.02.2022.
- Convention on Cybercrime, adopted by the Council of Europe, ratified by Albania by Law No. 888, dated 25 April 2002, ETS 185, in force from 1 July 2004.
- Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania, Law No. 7895, dated 27 January 1995, amended by Laws No. 8175/1996, No. 8204/1997, No. 8279/1998, No. 8733/2001, No. 9017/2003, No. 9030/2003, No. 9086/2003, No. 9188/2004, No. 9275/2004, No. 9686/2007, No. 9859/2008, No. 10023/2008, No. 23/2012, No. 144/2013, No. 98/2014, No. 176/2014, No. 135/2015, No. 82/2016, No. 36/2017, No. 89/2017, No. 44/2019, No. 35/2020, No. 146/2020, and No. 43/2021; and with reference to the decisions of the Constitutional Court No. 13/1997, No. 46/1997, No. 58/1997, No. 65/1999, No. 11/2008, No. 19/2011, No. 47/2012, No. 9/2016, No. 24/2021, and No. 20/2024. European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), “Home”. Available at: https://www.enisa.europa.eu/[Accessed 18 October 2025].
- General Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Albania, Report of the Prosecutor General on the State of Criminality in Albania for 2024, Tirana, March 2025. Available at: https://www.pp.gov.al/rc/doc/Raporti_PP_2024_permbledhes_28_03_2025_7729.pdf [Accessed 25 October 2025].
- General Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Albania, Report of the Prosecutor General on the Crime Situation in Albania for 2023, Tirana, 28 March 2024. Available at: https://www.pp.gov.al/rc/doc/Raporti_1_PP_2023_date_28_03_2024_7383.pdf [Accessed 25 October 2025].
- INTERPOL, “Cybercrime”. Available at: https://www.interpol.int/Crimes/Cybercrime [Accessed 18 October 2025].
- Law No. 25/2024, “On Cyber Security”.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “Digital Security”. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/digital-security.html [Accessed 18 October 2025].
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Guidance Note on Cybercrime, 5 January 2010. Available at: https://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Guidance_Note_on_Cybercrime_5_January_2010.pdf [Accessed 18 October 2025].