Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The Europeanization of Georgian Consumer Law: A Pathway to Harmonization Cover

The Europeanization of Georgian Consumer Law: A Pathway to Harmonization

By: Tamar Lakerbaia  
Open Access
|Jun 2024

References

  1. Act of Restoration of State Independence of Georgia, Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia, Departments of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia, no. 4, 9.4.1991.
  2. Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic
  3. Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Georgia, of the other part, OJ L 261, 30.8.2014, pp. 4–743.
  4. Boom, W. H. van (2016), ‘Unfair Commercial Practices,’ in Ch. Twigg-Flesner (ed.) Research Handbook on EU Consumer and Contract Law, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 388–405.
  5. Chanturia, L. (1997), Introduction to General Part of Civil Code of Georgia, Tbilisi: Law Press.
  6. Civil Code of Georgia, Parliamentary Gazette, no. 31, 26.6.1997.
  7. Collins, H. (2005), ‘The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive,’ European Review of Contract Law, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 417–441. https://doi.org/10.1515/ercl.2005.1.4.417
  8. Constitution of Georgia, Departments of the Parliament of Georgia, 31–33, 24.8.1995. Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts, OJ L 95, 21.4.93, pp. 29–34.
  9. Decision no. 04/403 of the National Competition Agency of Georgia, 10.7.2023. Retrieved from https://gnca.gov.ge/uploads_script/user_rights/tmp/phpnzmxYT.pdf [accessed 28 Sep 2023]
  10. Decision of the Supreme Court of Georgia, as-1167-1087-2017, 23.1.2018.
  11. Decision of the Supreme Court of Georgia, as-1389-2023.
  12. Decision of the Supreme Court of Georgia, as-1408-2022, 17.7.2023.
  13. Decision of the Supreme Court of Georgia, as-1417-2018.
  14. Decision of the Supreme Court of Georgia, as-237-2019, 17.5.2019.
  15. Decision of the Supreme Court of Georgia, as-500-2022.
  16. Decision of the Supreme Court of Georgia, as-586-2019, 28.6.2019.
  17. De Elizalde, F. (2021), ‘Standardisation of Agreement in EU Law. An Adieu to the Contracting Parties?’ in M. Durovic & T. Tridimas (eds.) New Directions in European Private Law, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 29–60. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509935642.ch-002
  18. Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 May 1999 on certain aspects of the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees, OJ L 171, 7.7.1999, pp. 12–16.
  19. Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council Directive 84/450/EEC, Directives 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council (‘Unfair Commercial Practices Directive’), OJ L 149, 11.6.2005, pp. 22–39.
  20. Directive 2009/22/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 On Injunctions for the Protection of Consumers’ Interests, OJ L 110, 1.5.2009, pp. 30–36.
  21. Directive 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on consumer rights amending Council Directive 93/13/EEC and Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 85/577/EEC and Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, OJ L 304, 22.11.2011, pp. 64–88.
  22. Directive 2019/770 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services, OJ L 136, 22.5.2019, pp. 1–27.
  23. Directive 2019/771 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC, and repealing Directive 1999/44/EC, OJ L 136, 22.5.2019, pp. 28–50.
  24. Directive 2019/2161 amending Council Directive 93/13/EEC and Directives 98/6/EC, 2005/29/EC and 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as Regards the Better Enforcement and Modernization of Union Consumer Protection Rules (‘Omnibus Directive’), OJ L 328, 18.12.2019, pp. 7–28.
  25. Directive 2020/1828 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2020 on representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers and repealing Directive 2009/22/EC (Text with EEA relevance), OJ L 409, 4.12.2020, pp. 1–27.
  26. Directive 98/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 1998 on consumer protection in the indication of the prices of products offered to consumers, OJ L 80, 18.3.1998, pp. 27–30.
  27. Explanatory Note on the Draft Law of Georgia on Protection of Consumer Rights (2019), [in Georgian]. Retrieved from https://info.parliament.ge/file/1/BillReviewContent/224265 [accessed 10 Sep 2023]
  28. Froukje Faber v. Autobedrijf Hazet Ochten BV [2015], Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 4 June 2015, C-497/13, 4.6.2015.
  29. Galt & Taggart Research (2021), E-Commerce in Georgia [in Georgian]. Retrieved from https://api.galtandtaggart.com/sites/default/files/2021-07/report/e-commerce-in-georgia_july-2021_geo.pdf [accessed 9 Sep 2023]
  30. Georgian National Competition Agency (2023), Report of the Georgian National Competition Agency, 2 August. Retrieved from https://gnca.gov.ge/index.php?m=370&news_id=1342&fbclid=IwAR3lntT526DiJg30TA7snCot5zb9a7MBMZ_fCH8BPPZDNQhi29NC2n8nu-I [accessed 23 Sep 2023]
  31. Goyens, M. (2020), ‘Effective Consumer Protection Frameworks in a Global and Digital World,’ Journal of Consumer Policy, vol. 43, pp. 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-019-09423-2
  32. Gujaraidze, K. (2019), ‘Chapter I: Needs, Context and Methodology,’ in Regulatory Impact Assessment of the Draft Law of Georgia on Consumer Rights Protection, Tbilisi: GIZ. Retrieved from http://lawlibrary.info/ge/books/giz2020_ENG_RIA_CRP_LAw.pdf [accessed 10 Sep 2023]
  33. Hall, E.; Howells, G. & Watson, J. (2012), ‘The Consumer Rights Directive—An Assessment of its Contribution to the Development of European Consumer Contract Law,’ European Review of Contract Law, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 139–166. https://doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2012-0139
  34. Howells, G. (2007), ‘Consumer Concepts for a European Code?’ in R. Schulze (ed.) New Features in Contract Law, Munich: Sellier, European Law Publishers, pp. 119–135.
  35. Howells, G. (2020), ‘Protecting Consumer Protection Values in the Fourth Industrial Revolution,’ Journal of Consumer Policy, vol. 43, pp. 145–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-019-09430-3
  36. Howells, G.; Twigg-Flesner, C. & Wilhelmsson, T. (2018), Rethinking EU Consumer Law, London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315164830
  37. Kardava, E. (2021), ‘The Place of the Association Agreement as an International Treaty of Georgia in National Law,’ Georgian-German Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 2, pp. 21–28.
  38. Kotz, H. (2017), European Contract Law, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  39. Lakerbaia, T. (2016), ‘Refinement of the Right to Reject a Contract Under Civil Code of Georgia,’ South Caucasus Law Journal, Civil Codes in Transition, vol. 7, pp. 240–245. Retrieved from https://digitallibrary.tsu.ge/book/2019/july/journals/South-Caucasus-Law-Journal-7-2016.pdf [accessed 23 Sep 2023]
  40. Lakerbaia, T. (2018), ‘General Prerequisites,’ in T. Lakerbaia, V. Zaalishvili & T. Zoidze (eds.) Consumer Law (The Way Towards Harmonization with European Law), Tbilisi: International Black Sea University, pp. 29–91. Retrieved from http://www.library.court.ge/upload/Consumer-Law.pdf [accessed 10 Sep 2023]
  41. Lakerbaia, T. (2021), ‘Legal Basis of Consumer Rights Protection in Georgia’ [in Georgian], Georgian-German Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 5, pp. 10–16. Retrieved from http://lawjournal.ge/5-2021-10/ [accessed 23 Sep 2023]
  42. Law on Advertising of the Republic of Georgia, Parliamentary Gazette, no. 11–12, 18.2.1998.
  43. Law of Georgia on Product Safety and Free Movement Code, Legislative Herald of Georgia, 8.5.2012.
  44. Law on Protection of Consumer Rights of the Republic of Georgia, Legislative Herald of Georgia, 29.3.2022.
  45. Loos, M. (2009), ‘Rights of Withdrawal,’ in G. Howells & R. Schulze (eds.) Modernizing and Harmonizing Consumer Contract Law, Munich: Sellier, European Law Publishers, pp. 237–278.
  46. Micklitz, H. (2014a), ‘Unfair Commercial Practices and Misleading Advertising,’ in N. Reich, H. Micklitz, P. Rott & K. Tonner (eds.) European Consumer Law, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Intersentia, pp. 67–124.
  47. Micklitz, H. (2014b), ‘Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts,’ in N. Reich, H. Micklitz, P. Rott & K. Tonner (eds.) European Consumer Law, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Intersentia, pp. 125–164.
  48. Micklitz, H. (2017), ‘Legal Opinion on the Draft Law of Georgia on the Protection of Consumer Rights,’ Comparative Legal Studies, no. 6, Tbilisi: GIZ. Retrieved from http://lawlibrary.info/ge/books/2018GIZ-GE-Comparative-Research-Consumer_Law.pdf.pdf [accessed 10 Sep 2023]
  49. Micklitz, H. & Reich, N. (2014), ‘Sale of Consumer Goods,’ in N. Reich, H. Micklitz, P. Rott & K. Tonner (eds.) European Consumer Law, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Intersentia, pp. 165–196.
  50. Namysłowska, M. & Jabłonowska, A. (2022), ‘Artificial Intelligence and Platform Services: EU Consumer (Contract) Law and New Regulatory Developments,’ in M. Ebers, C. Poncibò & M. Zou (eds.) Contracting and Contract Law in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 221–248. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509950713.ch-012
  51. National Bank of Georgia (2021), Order of the President of the National Bank of Georgia no. 32/04 on the approval of the rule of protection of the rights of consumers in the provision of services by financial institutions, National Bank of Georgia, 9.3.2021.
  52. New Consumer Agenda Strengthening Consumer Resilience for Sustainable Recovery, European Commission, Brussels, COM (2020) 696 final, 13.11.2020.
  53. Profi Credit Polska S.A. and Others v. QJ and Others [2020], Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 3 September 2020, joint cases C-84/19, C222/19 and C252/19, 3.9.2020.
  54. Reich, N. (2014), ‘Economic Law, Consumer Interests and EU Integration,’ in N. Reich, H. Micklitz, P. Rott & K. Tonner (eds.) European Consumer Law, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Intersentia, pp. 6–66.
  55. Rott, P. (2006), ‘Harmonizing Different Rights of Withdrawal: Can German Law Serve as an Example for EC Consumer Law?’ German Law Journal, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 1109–1139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2071832200005332
  56. Samkharadze, I. (2005), ‘Europeanization of Georgia: Key Legal Aspects of EU Membership’ [in Georgian], Legal Journal Justice and Law, vol. 5, no. 48, pp. 39–54.
  57. Samkharadze, I. (2015), ‘Harmonization of Legal Systems: EU and Georgia’ [in Georgian], Journal of Law, no. 5(48), pp. 253–264. Retrieved from https://old.supremecourt.ge/files/upload-file/pdf/martlmsajuleba-da-kanoni-2015w-n5.pdf [accessed 10 Sep 2023]
  58. Schüller, B. (2012), ‘The Definition of Consumers in EU Consumer Law,’ in J. Devenney & M. Kenny (eds.) European Consumer Protection, Theory and Practice, 3rd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139003452.011
  59. Schulze, R. (2010), ‘The Right of Withdrawal,’ in H. Schulte-Nölke & L. Tichý (eds.) Perspectives for European Consumer Law, Towards a Directive on Consumer Rights and Beyond, New York: Otto Schmidt / De Gruyter European Law Publishers, pp. 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783866538788.13
  60. Schulze, R. & Zoll, F. (2021), European Contract Law, 3rd ed., Oxford: Hart Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748925736
  61. Twigg-Flesner, C.; Schulze, R. & Watson, J. (2018), ‘Protecting Rational Choice: Information and the Right of Withdrawal,’ in G. Howells, I. Ramsay & T. Wilhelmsson (eds.) Handbook of Research on International Consumer Law, 2nd ed., Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 111–138. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368219.00011
  62. Von Bar, C.; Clive, E. & Schulte-Nölke, H. (2009), Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law. Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR). Retrieved from https://www.ccbe.eu/fileadmin/speciality_distribution/public/documents/EUROPEAN_PRIVATE_LAW/EN_EPL_20100107_Principles__definitions_and_model_rules_of_European_private_law_-_Draft_Common_Frame_of_Reference__DCFR_.pdf [accessed 15 Apr 2024]
  63. Watson, J. (2016), ‘Withdrawal Rights,’ in Ch. Twigg-Flesner (ed.) Research Handbook on EU Consumer and Contract Law, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 241–265. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782547372.00019
  64. Zaalishvili, V. (2018), ‘Service, Sales and Related Guarantees,’ in T. Lakerbaia, V. Zaalishvili & T. Zoidze (eds.) Consumer Law (The Way Towards Harmonization with European Law), Tbilisi: International Black Sea University, pp. 286–312. Retrieved from http://www.library.court.ge/upload/Consumer-Law.pdf [accessed 15 Sep 2023]
  65. Zoidze, B. (2019), ‘The Main Challenges of the Association Agreement with the European Union for Georgian Private Law,’ Private Law Review, vol. 2, pp. 11–22. Retrieved from http://www.library.court.ge/upload/KerZo-mimo-II.pdf [accessed 10 Sep 2023]
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2024-0008 | Journal eISSN: 2674-4619 | Journal ISSN: 2674-4600
Language: English
Page range: 160 - 180
Published on: Jun 3, 2024
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2024 Tamar Lakerbaia, published by Tallinn University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.