Finite Element Analysis of Cylindrical Specimens in Tensile Stress Under the Influence of Stress Concentrators

This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA) of cylindrical specimens subjected to a tensile load, focusing on the influence of stress concentrators and geometric variations. Three types of specimens were studied: a reference specimen with a diameter of 8 mm, a specimen with a stress concentrator located at the midpoint of the gauge length, and a specimen with a diameter increased to 10 mm. The simulations were performed in ANSYS under linear static conditions. The numerical results indicate that the maximum equivalent elastic strain reached values of approximately 0.0031 for the reference specimen and 0.0039 for the specimen with a stress concentrator, highlighting a significant increase in local strain. The maximum values of the equivalent stress obtained were 659.92 MPa for the 8 mm specimen, 782.27 MPa for the specimen with a stress concentrator, and 627.36 MPa for the 10 mm specimen. These results clearly demonstrate stress amplification in the presence of geometric variation of the sample’s cross section. The study confirms that stress concentrators significantly influence stress distribution and represent critical points for fracture initiation in tensile specimens.