References
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- For a review, see D. Snoke, “Systems biology as a research program for intelligent design,” Bio-Complexity 3, 1 (2014).
- F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, (McGraw-Hill, 1965).
- J. von Neumann, Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, (Princeton University Press, 1955).
- G. Sewell, “On ‘compensating’ entropy decreases,” Physics Essays 30, 1 (2017).
- J. von Neuman, “Beweis des Ergodensatzes und des H-Theorems in der neuen Mechanik,” Zeitschrift für Physik 57, 30 (1928).
- H.R. Brown, W. Myrvold, and J. Uffink, “Boltzmann's H-theorem, its discontents, and the birth of statistical mechanics,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 40, 174 (2009).
- D.W. Snoke, G.-Q. Liu, and S.M. Girvin, “The basis of the second law of thermodynamics in quantum field theory,” Annals of Physics 327, 1825 (2012).
- See, e.g., J. Uffink “Boltzmann's work in statistical physics,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, E.N. Zalta, ed., (2017).
- See, e.g., D.A. Paz and M.F. Maghrebi, “Time-reversal symmetry breaking and resurrection in driven-dissipative Ising models,” arXiv:2105.12747 (2021).
- This presumes that one is not a solipcist, who denies that we can assume the reality of anything not observed by humans (i.e., a tree falling in the woods makes no sound). We can say that the laws of physics in this situation imply that isotopes will mix even if no one observes them; Occam's razor says that there is no good reason to assume the laws of physics are suspended when people don’t look.
- L. Szilard, “On the decrease of entropy in a thermodynamic system by the intervention of intelligent beings,” Zeitschrift für Physik 53, 840 (1929).
- R. Landauer, “Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process,” IBM Journal of Research and Development 5, 183 (1961).
- R. Stalnaker, Inquiry, (MIT Press, 1984).
- C. E. Shannon and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication, (U. Illinois Press, 1963).
- A.N. Kolmogorov, “Three approaches to the quantitative definition of information,” International Journal of Computer Mathematics 2, 157 (1968).
- N Carey, The Epigenetics Revolution: How Modern Biology is Rewriting our Understanding of Genetics, Disease, and Inheritance, (Columbia University Press, 2013).
- See, e.g., “Concentration Gradient,’’ Biology Dictionary, Biologydictionary.net, 10 Jan. 2017. (
https://biologydictionary.net/concentration-gradient/ .) - J.L. England, “Statistical physics of self-replication,” Journal of Chemical Physics 139,121923 (2013).
- W. Dembski, No Free Lunch: Why Specified Complexity Cannot Be Purchased without Intelligence, (Rowman and Littlefield, 2001).
- D.J. Evans and D.J. Searles, “The fluctuation theorem,” Advances in Physics 51, 1529 (2002).
- See, e.g., G. Karp, Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, 6th ed., (Wiley, 2009), chapter 4.
- I. Prigogene, “Thermodynamics of evolution,” Physics Today 25, 23 (1972); From Being to Becoming, (W.H. Freeman, 1980).
- T. Dingjan and A.H. Futerman, “The fine-tuning of cell membrane lipid bilayers accentuates their compositional complexity,” Bioessays 43, 2100021 (2021).
- David Keller, University of New Mexico, talk at the Christian Scientific Society, Pittsburgh, 2008. For an overview of the structure of DNA polymerase, see M.H. Lamers, R.E. Georgescu, S.-G. Lee, M. O’Donnell, and J. Kuriyan, “Crystal structure of the catalytic a subunit of E. coli replicative DNA polymerase III,” Cell 126, 881 (2006).
- S. Waga and B. Stillman, “The DNA replication fork in eukaryotic cells,” Annual Reviews of Biochemistry 67, 721 (1998).