Abstract
Study aim: Assessment of muscle strength levels in different age groups of Polish firefighters, taking into account the influence of body composition. The aim of this study was also to assess the balance of synergistic flexor and extensor muscle groups in selected joints as a compensatory factor that reduces the risk of injury.
Material and methods: The study included 172 active professional firefighters from various centres across Poland were included in the analysis. The subjects were divided into three age categories: 20 to < 30 (I, n = 84), 30 to < 40 (II, n = 38), and 40 to < 50 years (III, n = 50). Measurements of torque were performed for 10 muscle groups: flexors and extensors in the main joints. Measurements were conducted in standard positions under static conditions.
Results and conclusions: The significant decline in strength was observed, which could be due to a change in the proportion of FFM to FM in total body mass as a function of age. The most rapid decline in strength was observed in the lower limb muscles. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the intensity training of lower limb strength among the oldest firefighters. Furthermore, although no significant differences were found in the H/Q ratio between age groups, all participants demonstrated values below the norm, which may indicate a increased risk of knee instability in this occupational group.
It is therefore suggested that the force proportion index should be one of the basic indicators of periodic preventive examinations assessing the physical fitness of firefighters.