Have a personal or library account? Click to login

How acute aerobic exercise and social interactions influence mood and cognitive functioning in healthy adults: A pilot study

Open Access
|Mar 2025

References

  1. Basso, J. C., Oberlin, D. J., Satyal, M. K., O’Brien, C. E., Crosta, C., Psaras, Z., Metpally, A., & Suzuki, W. A. (2022). Examining the Effect of Increased Aerobic Exercise in Moderately Fit Adults on Psychological State and Cognitive Function [Original Research]. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.833149
  2. Basso, J. C., Shang, A., Elman, M., Karmouta, R., & Suzuki, W. A. (2015). Acute Exercise Improves Prefrontal Cortex but not Hippocampal Function in Healthy Adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 21(10), 791–801. https://doi.org/10.1017/S135561771500106X
  3. Basso, J. C. S., Wendy A. (2017). The Effects of Acute Exercise on Mood, Cognition, Neurophysiology, and Neurochemical Pathways: A Review. Brain Plasticity, 2(2), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-160040
  4. Berger, B. G., & Motl, R. W. (2000). Exercise and mood: A selective review and synthesis of research employing the profile of mood states. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12(1), 69–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200008404214
  5. Berry, D. S., & Hansen, J. S. (1996). Positive affect, negative affect, and social interaction. Journal of personality and social psychology, 71(4), 796.
  6. Chan, J. S. Y., Liu, G., Liang, D., Deng, K., Wu, J., & Yan, J. H. (2019). Special Issue – Therapeutic Benefits of Physical Activity for Mood: A Systematic Review on the Effects of Exercise Intensity, Duration, and Modality. The Journal of Psychology, 153(1), 102–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2018.1470487
  7. Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain Res, 1453, 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.068
  8. Chase, R., & Hutchinson, J. (2015). The effects of acute aerobic exercise versus resistance exercise on mood state. J Multidisciplinary Res, 7(2), 15–16.
  9. Chekroud, S. R., Gueorguieva, R., Zheutlin, A. B., Paulus, M., Krumholz, H. M., Krystal, J. H., & Chekroud, A. M. (2018). Association between physical exercise and mental health in 1·2 million individuals in the USA between 2011 and 2015: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(9), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30227-X
  10. Craig, C., Marshall, A., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A., Lee, P., Macfarlane, D., Lam, T., & Stewart, S. (2017). International physical activity questionnaire-short form. J Am Coll Health, 65(7), 492–501.
  11. Crush, E. A., Frith, E., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2018). Experimental effects of acute exercise duration and exercise recovery on mood state. Journal of Affective Disorders, 229, 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.092
  12. Ekkekakis, P., Hall, E. E., & Petruzzello, S. J. (1999). Measuring state anxiety in the context of acute exercise using the State Anxiety Inventory: An attempt to resolve the brouhaha. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21(3), 205–229.
  13. Elkington, T. J., Cassar, S., Nelson, A. R., & Levinger, I. (2017). Psychological Responses to Acute Aerobic, Resistance, or Combined Exercise in Healthy and Overweight Individuals: A Systematic Review. Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology, 11, 1179546817701725. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179546817701725
  14. Ensari, I., Greenlee, T. A., Motl, R. W., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2015). Meta-Analysis of Acute Exercise Effects on State Anxiety: An Update of Randomized Controlled Trials over the Past 25 Years. Depress Anxiety, 32(8), 624–634. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22370
  15. Eubank, J. M., Oberlin, D. J., Alto, A., Sahyoun, N. R., Asongwed, E., Monroe-Lord, L., & Harrison, E. A. (2022). Effects of Lifestyle Factors on Cognition in Minority Population of Older Adults: A Review [Review]. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.841070
  16. Gentile, B. A., & Tighe, D. A. (2019). Exercise Stress ECG Test Protocols. In Pocket Guide to Stress Testing (pp. 53–66). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119481737.ch5
  17. Goodwin, R. D., Dierker, L. C., Wu, M., Galea, S., Hoven, C. W., & Weinberger, A. H. (2022). Trends in U.S. Depression Prevalence From 2015 to 2020: The Widening Treatment Gap. Am J Prev Med, 63(5), 726–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2022.05.014
  18. Gray, C. (2021). Solo vs group workouts: do women prefer exercising alone or with other people? Stylist. https://www.stylist.co.uk/fitness-health/workouts/exercising-alone-vs-group-training/575301
  19. Hallgren, M., Moss, N. D., & Gastin, P. (2010). Regular exercise participation mediates the affective response to acute bouts of vigorous exercise. J Sports Sci Med, 9(4), 629–637.
  20. Harvey, S. B., Øverland, S., Hatch, S. L., Wessely, S., Mykletun, A., & Hotopf, M. (2018). Exercise and the Prevention of Depression: Results of the HUNT Cohort Study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16111223
  21. Hearing, C. M., Chang, W. C., Szuhany, K. L., Deckersbach, T., Nierenberg, A. A., & Sylvia, L. G. (2016). Physical Exercise for Treatment of Mood Disorders: A Critical Review. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 3(4), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-016-0089-y
  22. Hoffman, M. D., & Hoffman, D. R. (2008). Exercisers Achieve Greater Acute Exercise-Induced Mood Enhancement Than Nonexercisers. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89(2), 358–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.09.026
  23. Internicola, D. (2013, September 23, 2013). Americans say they’re creatures of simple, solo exercise habits. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyle/americans-say-theyre-creatures-of-simple-solo-exercise-habits-idUSBRE98M0KP/
  24. Ishihara, T., Drollette, E. S., Ludyga, S., Hillman, C. H., & Kamijo, K. (2021). The effects of acute aerobic exercise on executive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 128, 258–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.026
  25. Jain, A., Bansal, R., Kumar, A., & Singh, K. (2015). A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 5(2), 124–127. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-516x.157168
  26. Koch, E. D., Tost, H., Braun, U., Gan, G., Giurgiu, M., Reinhard, I., Zipf, A., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Ebner-Priemer, U. W., & Reichert, M. (2020). Relationships between incidental physical activity, exercise, and sports with subsequent mood in adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(11), 2234–2250. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13774
  27. Kuczynski, A. M., Halvorson, M. A., Slater, L. R., & Kanter, J. W. (2022). The effect of social interaction quantity and quality on depressed mood and loneliness: A daily diary study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 39(3), 734–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211045717
  28. Leunes, A., & Burger, J. (2000). Profile of Mood States Research in Sport and Exercise Psychology: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200008404210
  29. McMorris, T., & Hale, B. J. (2012). Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: A meta-analytical investigation. Brain and Cognition, 80(3), 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2012.09.001
  30. McNair D, M. (1971, 1981, 1992). Profile of mood states. Educational and industrial testing service. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1573950399047802368
  31. McSween, M.-P., Coombes, J. S., MacKay, C. P., Rodriguez, A. D., Erickson, K. I., Copland, D. A., & McMahon, K. L. (2019). The Immediate Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Cognition in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 49(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-01039-9
  32. Mehta, H. B., & Shah, C. J. (2013). Predicted Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2MAX) Values Obtained During The Maximal Treadmill Test Using Different Protocols. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 4(2), 149–155.
  33. Meyer, J. D., Koltyn, K. F., Stegner, A. J., Kim, J.-S., & Cook, D. B. (2016). Influence of Exercise Intensity for Improving Depressed Mood in Depression: A Dose-Response Study. Behavior Therapy, 47(4), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.04.003
  34. Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Polenakovic, M., Bosevski, M., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2017). Exercise and mental health. Maturitas, 106, 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003
  35. Moreno-Agostino, D., Wu, Y.-T., Daskalopoulou, C., Hasan, M. T., Huisman, M., & Prina, M. (2021). Global trends in the prevalence and incidence of depression:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.035
  36. Pearce, M., Garcia, L., Abbas, A., Strain, T., Schuch, F. B., Golubic, R., Kelly, P., Khan, S., Utukuri, M., Laird, Y., Mok, A., Smith, A., Tainio, M., Brage, S., & Woodcock, J. (2022). Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 79(6), 550–559. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0609
  37. Pollock, V., Cho, D. W., Reker, D., & Volavka, J. (1979). Profile of Mood States: The Factors and Their Physiological Correlates. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 167(10), 612–614. https://journals.lww.com/jonmd/fulltext/1979/10000/profile_of_mood_states__the_factors_and_their.4.aspx
  38. Rao, P., Belanger, M. J., & Robbins, J. M. (2022). Exercise, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health: Insights into the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases. Cardiol Rev, 30(4), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1097/crd.0000000000000416
  39. Renzi, D. A. (1985). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 18(2), 86–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.1985.12022795
  40. Ruegsegger, G. N., & Booth, F. W. (2018). Health Benefits of Exercise. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a029694
  41. Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L. F., & Natalicio, D. S. (1971). The state-trait anxiety inventory. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia/Interamerican journal of psychology, 5(3 & 4).
  42. Watanabe, J.-i., Atsumori, H., & Kiguchi, M. (2016). Informal Face-to-Face Interaction Improves Mood State Reflected in Prefrontal Cortex Activity [Original Research]. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00194
  43. Wilson, J., & Yilla, A. (2021). The immediate effects of maximal aerobic and anaerobic exercise on mood. Journal of Psychology & Psychiatry Research, 1(1), 1–9.
  44. Ybarra, O., Burnstein, E., Winkielman, P., Keller, M. C., Manis, M., Chan, E., & Rodriguez, J. (2008). Mental Exercising Through Simple Socializing: Social Interaction Promotes General Cognitive Functioning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(2), 248–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207310454
  45. Yorks, D. M., Frothingham, C. A., & Schuenke, M. D. (2017). Effects of Group Fitness Classes on Stress and Quality of Life of Medical Students. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 117(11), e17–e25. https://doi.org/doi:10.7556/jaoa.2017.140
Language: English
Page range: 78 - 89
Submitted on: Sep 25, 2024
Accepted on: Feb 26, 2025
Published on: Mar 12, 2025
Published by: University of Physical Education in Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Douglas J. Oberlin, Jacob M. Eubank, Lalitha Samuel, Jane Ekhtman, Emmanuel Egwuonwu, Kristine Sabo, Ángela Veras, Andy Fernandez, published by University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.