References
- Adegbehingbe O.O., Fatusi A.O., Adegbenro C.A., Adeitan O.O., Abass G.O., Akintunde A.O. (2009) Musculoskeletal disorders: epidemiology and treatment seeking behavior of secondary school students in a Nigerian community. Indian J. Community Med., 34(2): 140–144. DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.51231
- Agbozo F., Atito P., Abubakari A. (2016) Malnutrition and associated factors in children: A comparative study between public and private schools in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana. BMC Nutr., 2(1). DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0073-7
- Agrawal S., Kim R., Gausman J., Sharma S., Sankar R., Joe W., Subramanian S.V. (2019) Socio-economic patterning of food consumption and dietary diversity among Indian children: evidence from NFHS-4. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 73(10). DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0406-0
- Aiyar A., Dhingra S., Pingali P., (2021)Transitioning to an obese India: Demographic and structural determinants of the rapid rise in overweight incidence. Econ. Hum. Biol., 43. DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101041
- Anjana R.M., Pradeepa R., Das A.K., Deepa M., Bhansali A., Joshi S.R., Joshi P.P., Dhandhania V.K., et al. (2014) Physical activity and inactivity patterns in India – results from the ICMR-INDIAB study (Phase-1) [ICMR-INDIAB-5]. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., 11(1). DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-26
- Aryeetey R., Lartey A., Marquis G.S., Nti H., Cole-craft E., Brown P. (2017) Prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity among school-aged children in urban Ghana. BMC Obes., 4(1). DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0174-0
- Ashok N.C., Kavitha H.S., Kulkarni P., (2014) A comparative study of nutritional status between government and private primary school children of Mysore city. Int. J. Health Allied Sci., 39(3): 164-169.
- Bahreynian M., Qorbani M., Khaniabadi B.M., Motlagh M.E., Safari O., Asayesh H., Kelishadi R. (2017) Association between obesity and parental weight status in children and adolescents. J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol., 9(2). DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.3790
- Bhargava M., Kandpal S.D., Aggarwal P., Sati H.C. (2016) Overweight and Obesity in School Children of a Hill State in North India: Is the Dichotomy Urban-Rural or Socio-Economic? Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey. PloS One, 11(5): e0156283. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156283
- Bouchard C. (2009) Childhood obesity: Are genetic differences involved? Am. J.Clin. Nutr., 89(5). DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27113C
- Brzeziński M., Czubek Z., Niedzielska A., Jankowski M., Kobus T., Ossowski Z. (2019) Relationship between lower-extremity defects and body mass among polish children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 20 (84). DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2460-0
- Chen J., Luo S., Liang X., Luo Y., Li R. (2021) The relationship between socioeconomic status and childhood overweight/obesity is linked through paternal obesity and dietary intake: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China. Environmen. Health Prev. Med., 26(1). DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00973-x
- Choudhary K., Mathur P., Garg M., Gupta P.P. (2017) Prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst adolescents and identification of risk factors. Int. J. Contemp. Pediatr., 4(4). DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171729
- Ciaccia M., Pinto C.N., Golfieri F., Machado T.F., Lozano L.L., Silva J., Rullo V. (2017) Prevalence of Genu Valgum in Public Elementary Schools in the City of Santos (SP), Brazil. Rev. Paul. Pediatr., 35(4): 443-447. DOI: 10.1590/184-0462/;2017;35;4;00002
- Gautam S., Jeong H.S. (2019) Childhood Obesity and Its Associated Factors among School Children in Udupi, Karnataka, India. J. Lifestyle Med., 9(1). DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2019.9.1.27
- Georgiadis A., Benny L., Galab S., Reddy P., Behrman J. (2022) Parental aspirations and child private-school enrollment: Evidence from India. Rev. Dev. Econ., 26(4): 2070-2089. DOI: 10.1111/rode.12911
- Goyal R.K., Shah V.N., Saboo B.D., Phatak S.R., Shah N.N., Gohel M.C. Raval P.B., Patel S.S. (2010) Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Indian adolescent school going children: Its relationship with socioeconomic status and associated lifestyle factors. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 58: 151-158.
- Graham C.A.M., Pedlar C.R., Hearne G., Lorente-Cebrián S., González-Muniesa P., Mavrommatis Y. (2020) The Association of Parental Genetic, Lifestyle, and Social Determinants of Health with Offspring Overweight. Lifestyle Genom., 13(2). DOI: 10.1159/000505749
- Holyachi S., Biradar M.K., Bhovi R.A. (2017) Prevalence and severity of genu valgum among school children aged 6–12 years in rural South India. Int. J. Community Med. Public Health, 4(6): 1996-1999. DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172164.
- Jain S., Pant B., Chopra H., Tiwari R. (2010) Obesity among adolescents of affluent public schools in Meerut. Indian J. Public Health, 54: 158-160.
- Johnson J. (2016) Postural Correction: Hands-On Guides for Therapists. Human Kinetics, United States.
- Joshi M., Gumashta R., Kasturwar N.B., Deshpande A. (2012) Avoid Junk Food and Start Cycling to School: An Easy Way to Manage Adolescent Obesity. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 4(5): 21-27. DOI: 10.9790/3008-0452127
- Joshi N., Kumar M. (2019) A study of the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in private and government schools of Meerut city. Int. J. Community Med. Public Health, 6(4): 1805-1808. DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph 20191427
- Kaur N., Gupta M., Malhi P., Grover S. (2022) Prevalence of screen time among children aged 2 to 5 years in Chandigarh, a North Indian Union Territory. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr., 43(1): e29–e38. DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000964
- Kendall F., McCreary E., Provance P., Rodgers M., Romani W. (2005) Muscles Testing and Function with Posture and Pain. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
- Kumar D., Vangara S.V., Gopichand P.V.V., Puri N. (2018) Growth pattern of genu varum and valgum in Indian tribal children of Jharkhand state. Medpuls Int. J. Anat., 8(2): 14-19.
- Kumari P., Chahal D. (2020) A Study Of Children Enrollment In Government Elementary School In Relation To Socio-Economic Status. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res., 9(2): 4875-4880.
- Lin C.J., Lin S.C., Huang W., Ho C.S., Chou Y.L. (1999) Physiological knock-knee in preschool children: prevalence, correlating factors, gait analysis, and clinical significance. J. Pediatr. Orthop., 19(5): 650-654.
- Maciałczyk-Paprocka K., Stawińska-Witoszyńska B., Kotwicki T., Sowińska A., Krzyżaniak A., Walkowiak J., Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska M. (2017) Prevalence of incorrect body posture in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Eur. J. Pediatr., 176(5): 563-572. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-2873-4
- Mahmoud K.M., Alireza K., Zahra Y. (2005)the prevalence of genu varum and genu valgum in primary school children in Iran 2003–2004. J. Med. Sci., 5(1): 52-54. DOI: 10.3923/jms.2005.52.54.
- Martin M.A. (2008) The intergenerational correlation in weight: how genetic resemblance reveals the social role of families. Am. J. Sociol., 114(Suppl): S67–S105. DOI: 10.1086/592203
- Megersa B., Haile A., Kitron U. (2021) Effects of dietary and health factors on nutritional status of children in pastoral settings in Borana, Southern Ethiopia, August– October 2015. Arch. Public Health, 79(1). DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00692-3
- Mineshita Y., Kim H.K., Chijiki H., Nanba T., Shinto T., Furuhashi S., Oneda S., Kuwahara M., et al. (2021) Screen time duration and timing: effects on obesity, physical activity, dry eyes, and learning ability in elementary school children. BMC Public Health, 21. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10484-7
- Moitra P., Madan J. (2022) Socioeconomic, intrapersonal and food environmental correlates of unhealthy snack consumption in school-going adolescents in Mumbai. BMC Public Health, 22. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13449-6
- Murarkar S., Gothankar J., Doke P., Pore P., Lalwani S., Dhumale G., QuraishiS., Patil R., et al. (2020) Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 20. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09642-0
- Mwaniki E.W., Makokha A.N. (2013) Nutrition status and associated factors among children in public primary schools in Dagoretti, Nairobi, Kenya. Afr. Health Sci., 13(1). DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i1.6
- National Sample Survey Office (2014) National Sample Survey 2014. https://mospi.gov.in/web/nss#
- Norkin C., Levangie P. (2011) Joint structure and function. F.A. Davis Co., Philadelphia.
- Ozumut S.H., Besli E., Erguven M. (2020) Obesogenic environment in childhood: Implications of high socioeconomic level in a developing country. Medeni. Med. J., 35(3). DOI: 10.5222/MMJ.2020.99836
- Prakash P.S., Kiranmayi Y., Parvathi R. (2016) A Comparative Study of Nutritional Status in Government vs. Private School Children. J. Commut. Med. Health Educ., 06(05). DOI:10.4172/2161-0711.1000471
- Patnaik L., Pattanaik S., Sahu T., Venkata R.E. (2015) Overweight and obesity among adolescents – A comparative study between government and private schools. Indian. Pediatr., 52(9). DOI: 10.1007/s13312-015-0716-9
- Pawar V. (2019) Comparative Survey of Selected Postural Deformities in School Children of Shirpur City. Vidyawarta: 367-383.
- Putri V.R.S., Tianing N.W., Indrayani A.W., Wibawa A., Thanaya S.A.P. (2020)Prevalence of genu valgum in children aged 10–12 years with excessive body weight (over-weight/obesity) in Sanur Kaja Village, Denpasar. J. Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas, 5(2). DOI: 10.14710/jekk.v5i2.7727
- Qureshi H.R. (2016) A study of postural deformities prevalence in school chidlrens in marathwada region of Maharashtra. [Unpublished doctoral thesis] Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad. http://hdl.handle.net/10603/88096
- Saeed D., Ahmed H., Metwally F., Yousef A.M., Koura G., Khaled O.A., Yosri M.M. (2022) Impact of school type on the posture and psychological state of Egyptian adolescent girls: An observational study. Cogent. Eng., 9(1). DOI: 10.1080/23311916.2022.2143036
- Saini U.C., Bali K., Sheth B., Gahlot N., Gahlot A. (2010) Normal development of the knee angle in healthy Indian children: a clinical study of 215 children. J. Child Orthop., 4(6): 579-586. DOI: 10.1007/s11832-010-0297-z
- Sashindran V.K., Dudeja P. (2020) Obesity in school children in India. In: Anugwom E.E. and Awofeso N. (Eds.) Public Health in Developing Countries-Challenges and Opportunities. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.83134
- Sass P., Hassan G. (2003) Lower extremity abnormalities in children – American family physician. Am. Fam. Physician, 68(3).
- Shapouri J., Aghaali M., Hovsepian S., Aghaei M., Iran-ikhah A., Ahmadi R. (2019) Prevalence of lower extremities’ postural deformities in overweight and normal weight school children. Iran. J. Pediatr., 29(5). DOI: 10.5812/ijp.89138
- Sharma A.K., Shukla D., Kannan A.T. (2005) Calorie and protein intake and its determinants among adolescent school girls in Delhi. Indian J. Community Med., 30(1): 8-10.
- Sharma S.J., Muzammil K., Singh J.V., Alvi M.T., Singh R.S., Siddiqui S. (2018) Assessment and comparison of nutritional status of government and private school children of Muzaffarnagar city. J. Compr. Health, 6(1): 47-51.
- Shohat N., Machluf Y., Farkash R., Finestone A.S., Chaiter Y. (2018) Clinical knee alignment among adolescents and association with body mass index: A large prevalence study. Isr. Med. Assoc. J., 20(2): 75-79.
- Singh D.P., Arya A., Kondepudi K.K., Bishnoi M., Boparai R.K. (2020) Prevalence and associated factors ofoverweight/obesity among school going children in Chandigarh, India. Child Care Health Dev., 46(5): 571-575. DOI: 10.1111/ch.12794
- Soheilipour F., Pazouki A., Mazaherinezhad A., Yagoubzadeh K., Dadgostar H., Rouhani F. (2020) The prevalence of genu varum and genu valgum in over-weight and obese patients: Assessing the relationship between body mass index and knee angular deformities. Acta Biomedica, 91(4). DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4.9077
- Solberg G. (2008) Postural Disorder and Musculoskeletal Dysfunction: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment. Churchil Livingstone,Philadelphia.
- Souza A.A., Ferrari G.L.M., Silva Júnior J.P., Silva L.J., Oliveira L.C., Matsudo, V.K.R. (2013) Association between knee alignment, body mass index and physical fitness variables among students: a cross-sectional study. Rev. Bras. Ortop., 48(1). DOI: 10.1016/j. rbo.2011.10.001
- Stanos S., Mogilevsky M., Rader L., McLean J., Baum A. (2009) Physical medicine approaches to pain management. In: Smith H.S. (Eds.) Current Therapy in Pain. Saunders, Elsevier Inc, Philadelphia, pp. 527-540. DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-4836-7.00073-0
- Tharkar S., Viswanathan V. (2009) Impact of socioeconomic status on prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in urban India. Open Obes. J., 1(1). DOI: 10.2174/1876823700901010009
- Togbo I.R. (2018) Obesogenic factors influencing over-weight among Asian children and youth. J. Health Res. Rev., 5(3). DOI: 10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_27_18
- Varadarajan S., Venguidesvarane A.G., Ramaswamy K.N., Rajamohan M., Krupa M., Christadoss S.B.W. (2021) Prevalence of excessive screen time and its association with developmental delay in children aged <5 years: A population-based cross-sectional study in India. PLoS One, 16(7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254102
- Varghese A.D., Mathew G., Benjamin, A.I. (2019) Are adolescents studying in private schools more obese? a comparative study among adolescents from different types of schools in Kerala, India. Int. J. Contemp. Pediatr., 6(2). DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190527
- Walker J.L., Hosseinzadeh P., White H., Murr K., Mil-brandt T.A., Talwalkar V.J., Iwinski H., Muchow R. (2019) Idiopathic Genu Valgum and Its AssociationWith Obesity in Children and Adolescents. J. Pediatr. Orthop., 39(7): 347-352. DOI: 10.1097
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Rashidian A., Rarani M.A. (2019) Socio-economic inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students in Iran: a concentration index decomposition analysis. Public Health Nutr., 22(12): 2179-2188.
- Zakeri Y., Baraz Sh., Gheibizadeh M., Bijannejad D., Latifi S.M. (2016) Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Primary School Students in Abadan-Iran in 2014. Int. J. Pediatr., 4(1): 1215-1223.
- Zhang X., Zhang M., Zhao Z., Huang Z., Deng Q., Li Y., Pan A., Li C. et al. (2020) Obesogenic environmental factors of adult obesity in China: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Environ. Res. Lett., 15(4). DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab6614