References
- M. Abbas, K. Smali, Comparison of Topic Identification methods for Arabic Language, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing - RANLP 2005, Borovets, Bulgaria, 2005.
- M. Abdul-Mageed, A. Elmadany, E. M. B. Nagoudi, ARBERT & MARBERT: Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Arabic, 2020, arXiv:2101.01785.
- F. A. Abdulghani, N. A. Abdullah, A survey on Arabic text classification using deep and machine learning algorithms, Iraqi Journal of Science 63, no. 1 (2022), 409-419.
- M. Alhawarat, A. O. Aseeri, A superior Arabic text categorization deep model (SATCDM), IEEE Access 8 (2020), 24653-24661.
- N. Aljedani, R. Alotaibi, M. Taileb, HMATC: Hierarchical multi-label Arabic text classification model using machine learning, Egyptian Informatics Journal 22 (2021), 225-237.
- H. A. Almuzaini, A. M. Azmi, Impact of stemming and word embedding on deep learning-based Arabic text categorization, IEEE Access 8 (2020), 127913-127928.
- B. Alsukhni, Multi-Label Arabic Text Classification Based on Deep Learning, in: Proceedings of the 2021 12th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems, ICICS, Valencia, Spain, 2021.
- W. Antoun, F. Baly, H. Hajj, AraBERT: Transformer-based Model for Arabic Language Understanding, in: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Open-Source Arabic Corpora and Processing Tools, with a Shared Task on O ensive Language Detection, Marseille, France, 2020.
- A. M. Bdeir, F. Ibrahim, A framework for arabic tweets multi-label classification using word embedding and neural networks algorithms, in: Proceedings of the 2020 2nd International Conference on Big Data Engineering, Shanghai, China, 2020.
- S. Bock, J. Goppold, M. Weiß, An improvement of the convergence proof of the ADAM-Optimizer, 2018, arXiv:1804.10587.
- D. Bouchiha, A. Bouziane, N. Doumi, F. O. Berbouchi, A. A. Kebir, N. Mebarki, B. A. Benameur, WiHArD: Wikipedia based Hierarchical Arabic Dataset, V2 ed. Mendeley Data, 2023, doi: 10.17632/kdkryh5rs2.2.
- A. Chouigui, O. B. Khiroun, B. Elayeb, ANT Corpus: An Arabic News Text Collection for Textual Classification, in: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA’17), Hammamet, Tunisia, 2017.
- DEMOGRAPHY, arabdevelopmentportal.com, https://www.arabdevelopmentportal.com/indicator/demography, accessed July 4, 2024.
- J. Devlin, M.-W. Chang, K. Lee, K. Toutanova, BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding, in: The 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers), Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2019.
- F.-Z. El-Alami, A. El Mahdaouy, S. O. El Alaoui, N. En-Nahnahi, A deep autoencoder-based representation for Arabic text categorization, Journal of Information and Communication Technology 19 (2020), 381-398.
- H. El Rifai, L. Al Qadi, A. Elnagar, Arabic Multi-label Text Classification of News Articles, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Machine Learning Technologies and Applications (AMLTA 2021), Cairo, Egypt, 2021.
- H. El Rifai, L. Al Qadi, A. Elnagar, Arabic text classification: the need for multi-labeling systems, Neural Computing and Applications 34 (2022), 1135-1159.
- F. Elghannam, Multi-Label Annotation and Classification of Arabic Texts Based on Extracted Seed Keyphrases and Bi-Gram Alphabet Feed Forward Neural Networks Model, ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 22 (2022), 1-16.
- M. Galal, M. M. Madbouly, A. El-Zoghby, Classifying Arabic text using deep learning, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 97 (2019), 3412-3422.
- C. E. Metz, Basic principles of ROC analysis, Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 8 (1978), 283-298.
- M. Saad, W. M. Ashour, OSAC: Open Source Arabic Corpora, in: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Computer Science (EEECS10), Lefke, Cyprus, 2010.
- A. Safaya, M. Abdullatif, D. Yuret, KUISAIL at SemEval-2020 Task 12: BERT-CNN for O ensive Speech Identification in Social Media, in: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, Barcelona, 2020.
- K. Sundus, F. Al-Haj, B. Hammo, A deep learning approach for arabic text classification, in: 2019 2nd International Conference on New Trends in Computing Sciences (ICTCS), Amman, Jordan, 2019.
- K. Svetlana, M. Stan, N. Richard, A. Fazel Famili, Learning and evaluation in the presence of class hierarchies: application to text categorization, in: Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence, Quebec, Canada, 2006.
- Understanding TF-IDF for Machine Learning, capitalone.com, https://www.capitalone.com/tech/machine-learning/understanding-tf-idf/, accessed July 4, 2024.
- A. Wahdan, M. Al-Emran, K. Shaalan, A systematic review of Arabic text classification: areas, applications, and future directions, Soft Computing 28 (2024), 1545-1566.
- What is Stemming, snowball.com, https://snowballstem.org/, accessed July 4, 2024.
- Z. R. Yang, Z. Yang, Artificial Neural Networks, in: A. Brahme (Ed.) Comprehensive Biomedical Physics, Oxford: Elsevier, 2014, 1-17.