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A mathematical note about a FLRW universe embedded in a universe without time Cover

A mathematical note about a FLRW universe embedded in a universe without time

Open Access
|Nov 2025

Abstract

In this paper we propose to study a six-dimensional Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe without time. The way we study this timeless universe is the classic one: we highlight future oriented time-like loops and closed chains of future oriented time-like curves. Inside this six-dimensional FLRW universe it is embedded a four-dimensional classical FLRW universe.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/auom-2025-0032 | Journal eISSN: 1844-0835 | Journal ISSN: 1224-1784
Language: English
Page range: 135 - 144
Submitted on: Mar 19, 2025
Accepted on: Jun 10, 2025
Published on: Nov 29, 2025
Published by: Ovidius University of Constanta
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year

© 2025 Cristina Sburlan, published by Ovidius University of Constanta
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.