Performance and Emission of Diesel Engine Fuelled by Commercial Bio-Diesel Fuels in Indonesia

Kristyadi, Tarsisius; Permana, Diki Ismail; Sirodz, Muhammad Pramuda Nugraha; Saefudin, Encu; Farkas, Istvan

doi:10.2478/ata-2022-0032

Abstract

The performance and emission of a small diesel engine fuelled by commercial diesel fuel in Indonesia are present in this paper. Various commercial diesel fuels in Indonesia are produced and marketed by Pertamina. As the largest oil company in Indonesia, Pertamina has developed various diesel fuels, namely Solar, Biosolar (B30), Dexlite, and Pertadex. This study explains in more detail the performance, fuel consumption, and emission produced by the four types of fuels, and they were investigated experimentally using a single-cylinder diesel engine at various engine speeds, from 1,000 rpm to 4,500 rpm. The result shows the engine fuelled by Pertadex generates the highest power and torque, while the lowest is generated by the Biosolar fuelled engine. The maximum torque and power generated by the Pertadex fuelled engine are about 25.5 Nm and 7200 W, respectively. The engine fuelled by Pertadex has the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.3037 kg·kW·h, compared to the engines fuelled by the Dexlite, Solar, and Biosolar fuels, with values around 0.3127, 0.3215, and 0.3338 kg·kW·h, respectively. At the same time, the measurement of gas emissions, including CO₂, CO, NO_x, and HC was conducted simultaneously.

References

CHACKO, N. – JOHNSON, C. – VARADARAJAN, P. – SAI SRINIVAS, S. – JEYASEELAN, T. 2021. A comparative evaluation of cetane enhancing techniques for improving the smoke, NOx and BSFC trade-off in an automotive diesel engine. In Fuel, vol. 289, article no. 119918. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119918
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CHAURASIYA, P. K. – SINGH, S. K. – DWIVEDI, R. – CHOUDRI, R. V. 2019. Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel fuel blended with raw jatropha, soybean and waste cooking oils. In Heliyon, vol. 5, no. 5, article no. e01564. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01564651753631193108
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DEVARAJAN, Y. – MADHAVAN, V. R. 2017. Emission analysis on the influence of ferrofluid on rice bran biodiesel. In Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 3703–3707. DOI: 10.4067/s0717-97072017000403703
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DEVARAJAN, Y. – MAHALINGAM, A. – MUNUSWAMY, D. B. – NAGAPPAN, B. 2018a. Emission and combustion profile study of unmodified research engine propelled with neat biofuels. In Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 25, pp. 19643–19656. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2137-529736643
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DEVARAJAN, Y. – MUNUSWAMY, D. B. – RADHAKRISHNAN, S. – MAHALINGAM, A. – NAGAPPAN, B. 2018b. Experimental testing and evaluation of neat biodiesel and heptanol blends in diesel engine. In Journal of Testing and Evaluation, vol. 47, no. 2, article no. 20170307. DOI: 10.1520/JTE20170307
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
EL-KASSABY, M. – NEMIT-ALLAH, M. A. 2013. Studying the effect of compression ratio on an engine fueled with waste oil produced biodiesel/diesel fuel. In Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2012.11.007
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
EL-SAWY, M. S. – HANAFI, S. A. – ASHOUR, F. – ABOUL-FOTOUH, F. T. 2020. Co-hydroprocessing and hydrocracking of alternative feed mixture (vacuum gas oil/waste lubricating oil/waste cooking oil) with the aim of producing high quality fuels. In Fuel, vol. 269, article no. 117437. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117437
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
GAD, M. S. – ISMAIL, M. A. 2021. Effect of waste cooking oil biodiesel blending with gasoline and kerosene on diesel engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics. In Process Safety and Environmental Protection, vol. 149, pp. 1–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.10.040
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
HOANG, A. T. – LE, A. T. – PHAM, V. V. 2019. A core correlation of spray characteristics, deposit formation, and combustion of a high-speed diesel engine fueled with Jatropha oil and diesel fuel. In Fuel, vol. 244, pp. 159–175. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.009
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
HOEKMAN, S. K. – BROCH, A. – ROBBINS, C. – CENICEROS, E. – NATARAJAN, M. 2012. Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications. In Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 143–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.143
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KANTH, S. – DEBBARMA, S. 2021. Comparative performance analysis of diesel engine fuelled with hydrogen enriched edible and non-edible biodiesel. In International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 17, pp. 10478–10493. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.173
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KUMAR, H. – SARMA, A. K. – KUMAR, P. 2019. A novel approach to study the effect of cetane improver on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with E20 (diesel – bioethanol) blend. In Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, vol. 14, article no. 100185. DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2019.100185
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LABECKAS, G. – SLAVINSKAS, S. – KANAPKIENĖ, I. 2021. The individual effects of cetane number, oxygen content or fuel properties on performance efficiency, exhaust smoke and emissions of a turbocharged CRDI diesel engine – Part 2. In Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 149, pp. 442–446. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.07.017
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MOFIJUR, M. – RASUL, M. G. – HYDE, J. 2015. Recent developments on internal combustion engine performance and emissions fuelled with biodiesel-diesel-ethanol blends. In Proceedia Engineering, vol. 105, pp. 658–664. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.045
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
NGUYEN, V. H. – DUONG, M. Q. – NGUYEN, K. T. – PHAM, T. V. – PHAM, P. X. 2020. An extensive analysis of biodiesel blend combustion characteristics under a wide-range of thermal conditions of a cooperative fuel research engine. In Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 18, article no. 7666. DOI: 10.3390/su12187666
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
OBEID, F. – VAN, T. C. – HORCHLER, E. J. – GUO, Y. – VERMA, P. – MILJEVIC, B. – BROWN, R. J. – RISTOVSKI, Z. – BODISCO, T. – RAINEY, T. 2022. Engine performance and emissions from fuels containing nitrogen and sulphur. In Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 14, article no. 100179. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100179
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PERTAMINA. 2022. SPESIFIKASI PRODUK BBM, BBN & LPG. Available at: https://onesolution.pertamina.com/Product/Download?filename=20201201035120atc_spesifikasi.pdf
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PRAPTIJANTO, A. – MUHARAM, A. – NUR, A. – PUTRASARI, Y. 2015. Effect of ethanol percentage for diesel engine performance using virtual engine simulation tool. In Energy Procedia, vol. 68, pp. 345–354. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.265
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PRBAKARAN, B. – VISWANATHAN, D. 2016. Experimental investigation of effects of addition of ethanol to bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics in CI engine. In Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 383–389. DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2016.09.009
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PULLEN, J. – SAEED, K. 2014. Factors affecting biodiesel engine performance and exhaust emissions – Part I: Review. In Energy, vol. 72, pp. 1−16. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.015
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
RADHAKRISHNAN, S. – DEVARAJAN, Y. – MAHALINGAM, A. – NAGAPPAN, B. 2017. Emissions analysis on diesel engine fueled with palm oil biodiesel and pentanol blends. In Journal of Oil Palm Research, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 380–386. DOI: 10.21894/jopr.2017.2903.11
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
RAI, R. K. – SAHOO, R. R. 2019. Effective power and effective power density analysis for water in diesel emulsion as fuel in diesel engine performance. In Energy, vol. 180, pp. 893–902. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.134
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
RAMANAN, M. V. – YUVARAJAN, D. 2015. Emissions analysis of preheated methyl ester on CI engine. In Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 812, 21–25. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.812.21
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
SUB-DIRECTORATE OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS. 2019. Land Transportation Statistics 2019. BPS-Statistics Indonesia. ISSN 2598-5612. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/document/502287827/Statistik-Transportasi-Darat-2019
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
TEOH, Y. H. – HOW, H. G. – LE, T. D. – NGUYEN, H. T. 2020. Study of performance, emissions, and combustion of a common-rail injection engine fuelled with blends of Cocos nucifera biodiesel with diesel oil. In Processes, vol. 8, no. 10, article no. 1287. DOI: 10.3390/pr8101287
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
XIE, Y. – POSADA, F. – MINJARES, R. 2020. Diesel sulfur content impacts on Euro VI soot-free vehicles: Considerations for emerging markets. Working paper 2020-11. International Council on Clean Transportation, 15 pp. Available at: https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/50ppm-diesel-sulfur-05222020.pdf
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
ZHENG, Z. – DONG, F. – GUO, Y. – LIU, X. – YANG, Y. – LIU, H. 2017. Effect of fuels with different distillation temperatures on performance and emissions of a diesel engine run at various injection pressures and timings. In Journal of Energy Engineering, vol. 143, no. 3. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000413
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Performance and Emission of Diesel Engine Fuelled by Commercial Bio-Diesel Fuels in Indonesia

Abstract

Paradigm

My account