Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with diverse genetic and environmental origins. Rodent models, particularly mice, have proven invaluable in studying the underlying mechanisms of ASD, offering insights into the genetic mutations and neurobiological processes that may contribute to the disorder in the human population. This review examines key rodent models to study genetic and environmental factors affecting the etiology and pathogenesis of ASD. While these models successfully mimic many core ASD symptoms, they face limitations in fully replicating the social and cognitive complexities of human ASD. Future research should prioritize improving models of gene-environment interactions and exploring humanized approaches to bridge the gap between animal studies and clinical applications. These efforts are essential for advancing our understanding of ASD and developing effective therapeutic strategies.