
Figure 1.
Flow diagram of the protocol of the study.

Figure 2.
A bibliometric comparison of MARPE and SARPE literature based on key indicators.

Figure 3.
Annual Number of MARPE and SARPE Publications and MARPE Proportion. Orange bars represent MARPE publications, and green bars represent SARPE publications. The blue line depicts the annual proportion of MARPE publications relative to the total combined number of MARPE and SARPE publications in each year.
TABLE I.
Top 10 most cited authors in MARPE and SARPE research
| MARPE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Author | Total citations | Pubs | Research article/review | Cit/pub | University |
| 1 | Moon, Won | 834 | 15 | 12/3 | 55.6 | Ajou University, South Korea. |
| 2 | Lee, Kee-joon | 516 | 11 | 10/1 | 46.9 | Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Korea |
| 3 | MacHado, André Wilson | 388 | 3 | 2/1 | 129.3 | Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil |
| 4 | Choi, Yoon Jeong | 315 | 5 | 5/0 | 63.0 | Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Korea |
| 5 | Park, Youngchel | 298 | 3 | 3/0 | 99.3 | Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Korea |
| 6 | Suzuki, Selly Sayuri | 261 | 6 | 5/1 | 43.5 | Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Brazil |
| 7 | Dominguez-Mompell, Ramon | 246 | 6 | 5/1 | 41.0 | Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain |
| 8 | Moschik, Christoph E. | 240 | 4 | 3/1 | 60.0 | Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil |
| 9 | Brunetto, Daniel Paludo | 238 | 4 | 3/1 | 59.5 | Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil |
| 10 | Choi, Sunghwan | 233 | 8 | 7/1 | 29.1 | Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Korea |
| SARPE | ||||||
| Rank | Author | Total citations | Pubs | Research article/review | Cit/pub | University |
| 1 | Mommaerts, Maurice Y. | 470 | 4 | 3/1 | 117.5 | Radboud University Medical Center, Netherlands |
| 2 | Koudstaal, Maarten Jan | 352 | 6 | 5/1 | 58.7 | Erasmus MC, Netherlands |
| 3 | Wolvius, Eppo Bonne | 352 | 6 | 5/1 | 58.7 | Erasmus MC, Netherlands |
| 4 | Van Der Wal, Karel G.H. | 340 | 3 | 3/0 | 113.3 | Erasmus MC, Netherlands |
| 5 | Schulten, Alcuin J.M. | 327 | 2 | 2/0 | 163.5 | Erasmus MC, Netherlands |
| 6 | Politis, Constantinus | 278 | 11 | 11/0 | 25.3 | KU Leuven, Belgium |
| 7 | Suri, Lokesh | 272 | 1 | 0/1 | 272.0 | Tufts University, USA |
| 8 | Taneja, Parul | 272 | 1 | 0/1 | 272.0 | Tufts University, USA |
| 9 | Pereira, Max Domingues | 228 | 11 | 11/0 | 20.7 | Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil |
| 10 | Prahl-Andersen, Birte | 226 | 1 | 1/0 | 226.0 | Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Netherlands |

Figure 4.
Top 10 countries with the highest number of publications in the fields of MARPE and SARPE. The vertical axis represents the average citations per article, and the horizontal axis represents the total number of publications.
TABLE II.
Correlation between gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and MARPE/SARPE research (Top 10 Countries)
| Field | Variable | Pearson r | P-value* | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MARPE | Articles ↔ GDP | −0.02 | 0.95 | No correlation |
| Total Citations ↔ GDP | 0.37 | 0.29 | Weak, not significant | |
| Avg. Citations/Article ↔ GDP | 0.73 | 0.018* | Strong, significant positive correlation | |
| SARPE | Articles ↔ GDP | −0.40 | 0.25 | No correlation |
| Total Citations ↔ GDP | 0.32 | 0.37 | Weak, not significant | |
| Avg. Citations/Article ↔ GDP | 0.70 | 0.023* | Strong, significant positive correlation |

Figure 5.
Cumulative publication trends of the most productive journals in MARPE (A) and SARPE (B) research.
TABLE III.
Most cited papers in MARPE research (ranked by total citations and citations per year)
| Title | Authors, Year, Journal | DOI | Citation | Citation per Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-surgical treatment of transverse deficiency in adults using MARPE | DP, 2017, Dent. Press J. Orthod. | 10.1590/2177-6709.22.1.110-125.sar | 175 | 19.44 |
| The effects of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) | M, 2014, Prog. Orthod. | 10.1186/s40510-014-0052-y | 158 | 13.17 |
| Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures after MARPE | D, 2017, Prog. Orthod. | 10.1186/s40510-017-0188-7 | 143 | 15.89 |
| Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion | J, 2017, Korean J. Orthod. | 10.4041/kjod.2017.47.2.77 | 142 | 15.78 |
| Stability of dental, alveolar, and skeletal changes after MARPE | H, 2017, Korean J. Orthod. | 10.4041/kjod.2017.47.5.313 | 89 | 9.89 |
| According to Citation per Year | ||||
| Title | Authors, Year, Journal | DOI | Citation | Citation per Year |
| Non-surgical treatment of transverse deficiency in adults using MARPE | DP, 2017, Dent. Press J. Orthod. | 10.1590/2177-6709.22.1.110-125.sar | 175 | 19.44 |
| Efficacy of Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) in adults | A, 2021, Eur. J. Orthod. | 10.1093/ejo/cjab005 | 86 | 17.20 |
| Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures after MARPE | D, 2017, Prog. Orthod. | 10.1186/s40510-017-0188-7 | 143 | 15.89 |
| Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion | J, 2017, Korean J. Orthod. | 10.4041/kjod.2017.47.2.77 | 142 | 15.78 |
| The effects of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) | M, 2014, Prog. Orthod. | 10.1186/s40510-014-0052-y | 158 | 13.17 |
TABLE IV.
Most cited papers in SARPE research (ranked by total citations and citations per year)
| Title | Authors, Year, Journal | DOI | Citation | Citation per Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A literature review | L, 2008, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. | 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.01.021 | 272 | 15.11 |
| Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME): A review of the literature | MJ, 2005, Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. | 10.1016/j.ijom.2005.04.025 | 226 | 10.76 |
| Transpalatal distraction as a method of maxillary expansion | MY, 1999, Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. | 10.1054/bjom.1999.0127 | 212 | 7.85 |
| Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: An outpatient technique with long-term stability | RA, 1992, J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. | 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90352-Z | 199 | 5.85 |
| Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: a comparison of technique, response, and stability | WM, 1997, Angle Orthod. | 10.1043/0003-3219(1997)067<0309:SARMEA>2.3.CO;2 | 176 | 6.07 |
| According to Citation per Year | ||||
| Title | Authors, Year, Journal | DOI | Citation | Citation per Year |
| Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A literature review | L, 2008, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. | 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.01.021 | 272 | 15.11 |
| Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME): A review of the literature | MJ, 2005, Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. | 10.1016/j.ijom.2005.04.025 | 226 | 10.76 |
| Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: An anatomic biomechanical study | PH, 2020, Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. | 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.08.011 | 63 | 10.50 |
| Microimplant assisted rapid palatal expansion in adults: A systematic review | CB, 2021, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. | 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.03.024 | 50 | 10.00 |
| Transpalatal distraction as a method of maxillary expansion | MY, 1999, Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. | 10.1054/bjom.1999.0127 | 212 | 7.85 |

Figure 6.
Keyword co-occurrence network in MARPE literature.

Figure 7.
Keyword co-occurrence network in SARPE literature.