Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Independent sample t test results
| Material | n | Mean | Std. Dev. | t | df | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional flowable composite | 12 | 150,46 | 40,89 | 2,123 | 22 | 0,045 |
| Bioactive composite | 12 | 119,60 | 29,39 |
Information about the adhesive and composites used in the study
| Type | Material and Manufacturer | Composition |
|---|---|---|
| Bioactive composite | Activa Bioactive Restorative Pulpdent, Watertown, MA, USA | Blend of diurethane and other methacrylates with modified polyacrylic acid (44.6%), amorphous silica (6.7%), and sodium fluoride (0.75%), reactive glass particles, shock absorbing ionic resin component containing acidic monomers with antimicrobial properties. |
| Conventional flowable composite | G Aenial Universal Flo GC, Tokyo, Japan | Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), bisphenol A ethoxymethacrylate (bis-MEPP), triethylenglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), silicon dioxide, strontium glass, pigment, photoinitiator |
| Universal adhesive | G-Premio Bond GC, Tokyo, Japan | 10-MDP, 4-META, 10-methacryoyloxydecyl dihydrogen thiophosphate, methacrylate acid ester, distilled water, acetone, photo-initiators, silica fine powder(14) |
