Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the colour stability of various orthodontic aligners—an in vitro study

Mehanaz; Rajesh RNG; Anadha N. Gujar; Rony T. Kondody; K. Rajkamal Maniratnam

doi:10.2478/aoj-2025-0012

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Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the colour stability of various orthodontic aligners—an in vitro study

Australasian Orthodontic Journal

Volume 41 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)

By: Mehanaz, Rajesh RNG, Anadha N. Gujar, Rony T. Kondody and K. Rajkamal Maniratnam

Open Access

|Jun 2025

Figures & Tables

Glass jar with specimens immersed in 250ml of whiskey.

ALPHA spectrophotometer (model ALPHA, BRUKER, Germany).

Mean translucency values between the 3 groups at baseline (T0).

Table I.

Comparison of mean Transmittance values between 3 groups at baseline period [T0]

Groups	N	Mean	SD	Min	Max	p-value ^a	Sig. Diff	p-value ^b
Invisalign	24	1.000195	0.004414	0.99295	1.00679	0.002*	I vs K	0.54
Kiyo	24	1.001303	0.002702	0.99889	1.00679		I vs O	0.001*
Ortho FX	24	1.003980	0.003455	0.99889	1.00875		K vs O	0.03*
Comparison of mean Transmittance values between 3 groups at 7 Days of Smoking Exposure [T1]
Groups	N	Mean	SD	Min	Max	p-value ^a	Sig. Diff	p-value ^b
Invisalign	24	0.996308	0.000205	0.99591	0.99662	0.001*	I vs K	0.001*
Kiyo	24	0.997270	0.001034	0.99557	0.99949		I vs O	0.14
Ortho FX	24	0.995812	0.001120	0.99412	0.99718		K vs O	<0.001*
Comparison of mean Transmittance values between 3 groups at 14 Days of Smoking Exposure [T2]
Groups	N	Mean	SD	Min	Max	p-value ^a	Sig. Diff	p-value ^b
Invisalign	24	0.990903	0.000923	0.99006	0.99222	0.005*	I vs K	0.007*
Kiyo	24	0.991858	0.001258	0.99006	0.99634		I vs O	0.03*
Ortho FX	24	0.991700	0.000947	0.99006	0.99444		K vs O	0.86

1 One-way ANOVA Test followed by Tukey’s post hoc Test.

1* p <0.05 –Statistically significant.

1a Comparison of mean transmittance values between three groups.

1b Multiple comparison of mean differences in transmittance values among the three groups.

Mean translucency values between the 3 groups after 7 days of smoking exposure (T1).

Mean translucency values between the 3 groups after 14 days of smoking exposure (T2).

Mean translucency values between the 3 groups after 7 days of alcohol exposure (T1).

Table II.

Comparison of mean Transmittance values between 3 groups at 7 Days of Alcohol Exposure [T1]

Groups	N	Mean	SD	Min	Max	p-value ^a	Sig. Diff	p-value ^b
Invisalign	24	0.996724	0.000660	0.99591	0.99843	0.001*	I vs K	0.01*
Kiyo	24	0.997562	0.001100	0.99619	0.99954		I vs O	0.76
Ortho FX	24	0.996520	0.001157	0.99432	0.99865		K vs O	0.002*
Comparison of mean Transmittance values between 3 groups at 14 Days of Alcohol Exposure [T2]
Groups	N	Mean	SD	Min	Max	p-value ^a	Sig. Diff	p-value ^b
Invisalign	24	0.991773	0.000469	0.99089	0.99241	<0.001*	I vs K	<0.001*
Kiyo	24	0.992523	0.000303	0.99211	0.99293		I vs O	0.02*
Ortho FX	24	0.992131	0.000573	0.99089	0.99293		K vs O	0.01*

1 One-way ANOVA Test followed by Tukey’s post hoc Test.

1* P <0.05–Statistically significant.

1a Comparison of mean transmittance values between three groups.

1b Multiple comparison of mean differences in transmittance values among the three groups.

Mean translucency values between the 3 groups after 14 days of alcohol exposure (T2).

Mean translucency values between the different time intervals following smoking exposure.

Mean translucency values between the different time intervals following alcohol exposure.

Table III.

Comparison of mean Transmittance values between Smoking & Alcohol Exposure in each group at 7 Days’ time interval using

Groups	Exposure	N	Mean	SD	Mean Diff.	p-value
Invisalign	Smoking	24	0.996308	0.000205	-0.000417	0.005*
	Alcohol	24	0.996724	0.000660
Kiyo	Smoking	24	0.996603	0.001253	-0.000583	0.13
	Alcohol	24	0.997187	0.001370
Ortho FX	Smoking	24	0.995812	0.001120	-0.000708	0.04*
	Alcohol	24	0.996520	0.001157

1 Independent Student’s t test.

1* P < 0.05–Statistically significant.

References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2025-0012 | Journal eISSN: 2207-7480 | Journal ISSN: 2207-7472

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Language: English

Page range: 169 - 176

Submitted on: Jan 1, 2025

Accepted on: Mar 1, 2025

Published on: Jun 3, 2025

Published by: Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2025 Mehanaz, Rajesh RNG, Anadha N. Gujar, Rony T. Kondody, K. Rajkamal Maniratnam, published by Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 41 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)

Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the colour stability of various orthodontic aligners—an in vitro study

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Table I.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Table II.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Table III.

Paradigm

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