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Injectable hyaluronic acid: a method for accelerating alveolar bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement Cover

Injectable hyaluronic acid: a method for accelerating alveolar bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement

Australasian Orthodontic Journal
Volume 40 (2024): Issue 2 (July 2024)
By: ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Feb 2025
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Orthodontic appliance in situ.

Figure 2.

3D model: A, The blue points refer to the superimposition points and measurements of molar rotation around its long axis. B, Measurement of orthodontic tooth movement, green point refer to T0, red point refer to T1.

Figure 3.

Comparison of OTM amount in all time points between groups I and II (E): experimental, (C) control.

Table I.

Comparison of tooth movements between experimental and control sides on each observational day (Mean ± SD) (mm)

GroupExperimentalControlP
Group I- Day 10.046 ± 0.0090.026 ± 0.010.002*
Group I- Day 30.469 ± 0.0240.341 ± 0.0280.001**
Group I- Day 70.67 ± 0.0240.456 ± 0.0280.001**
Group I- Day 140.989 ± 0.0450.54 ± 0.0470.001**
Group I- Day 211.143 ± 0.0540.93 ± 0.0480.001**
Group II- Day 10.033 ± 0.0080.026 ± 0.0070.06
Group II- Day 30.45 ± 0.0390.346 ± 0.0260.001**
Group II- Day 70.637 ± 0.0390.444 ± 0.0260.001**
Group II- Day 140.964 ± 0.0670.552 ± 0.0560.001**
Group II- Day 210.977 ± 0.0350.866 ± 0.0370.001**

1 Paired Student’s t test

1 * Significance level p ≤ 0.01

1 ** ≤ 0.001.

Table II.

Intragroup Comparison of OTM Amount (Mean ± SD) (mm)

GroupDay 1Day 3Day 7Day 14Day 21
Experimental SideHMWHA0.046 ± 0.0090.47 ± 0.0240.67 ± 0.0240.989 ± 0.0451.143 ± 0.054
LMWHA0.033 ± 0.0080.45 ± 0.0390.637 ± 0.0390.964 ± 0.0670.977 ± 0.035
p0.009*0.1650.070.233<0.001**
Control SideHMWHA0.026 ± 0.010.341 ± 0.0280.456 ± 0.0280.54 ± 0.0470.93 ± 0.048
LMWHA0.026 ± 0.0070.346 ± 0.0260.444 ± 0.0260.552 ± 0.0560.866 ± 0.037
p0.4930.3740.1330.3470.07

1 Unpaired Student’s t test

1 * Significance level p ≤ 0.01

1 ** ≤ 0.001.

Table III.

BV/TV Percentage in Experimental and Control Groups (Mean ± SD) (%)

GroupExperimentalControlp
Group I- Day 147.254 ± 2.52847.270 ± 2.205NS
Group I- Day 343.458 ± 2.4442.050 ± 1.522NS
Group I- Day 729.164 ± 3.84631.296 ± 3.828NS
Group I- Day 1425.594 ± 3.56231.088 ± 3.2220.05*
Group I- Day 2132.111 ± 0.784039.890 ± 2.0680.05*
Group II- Day 147.884 ± 2.34045.846 ± 2.727NS
Group II- Day 346.089 ± 3.44746.168 ± 3.042NS
Group II- Day 726.818 ± 3.91027.026 ± 3.489NS
Group II- Day 1426.379 ± 3.75732.386 ± 3.8250.05*
Group II- Day 2136.071 ± 2.63239.459 ± 2.0280.05*

1 Paired Student’s t test

1 * Significance level p ≤ 0.05

1 ** NS; nonsignificant.

Figure 4.

Histologic images of osteoclast cells in interradicular area of maxillary molar on day 14 and 21: A, GI experimental side on day 14. B, GII experimental side on day 14. C, Saline injected side onday 14. D, GI experimental side on day 21. E, GII experimental side on day 21. F, Saline injected side on day 21.

Table IV.

Number of Osteoclasts in Study Groups (Mean ± SD) (+1/+5 Score)

ExperimentalControlp
Group I- Day 11.35 ± 0.171.34 ± 0.19p > 0.05
Group I- Day 32.01 ± 0.321.89 ± 0.27p > 0.05
Group I- Day 73.83 ± 0.412.5 ± 0.55p > 0.05
Group I- Day 145 ± 0.892.5 ± 0.57p < 0.001**
Group I- Day 216.33 ± 0.813 ± 0.89p < 0.001**
Group II- Day 11.41 ± 0.231.36 ± 0.21p > 0.05
Group II- Day 32.13 ± 0.291.74 ± 0.27p > 0.05
Group II- Day 73.17 ± 0.752.33 ± 0.52p > 0.05
Group II- Day 144.67 ± 1.212.83 ± 0.75p < 0.05*
Group II- Day 215.17 ± 1.173.33 ± 0.81p < 0.05*

1 Paired Student’s t test

1 * Significance level p<0.05

1 ** Significance level p ≤ 0.001.

Figure 5.

RANKL/OPG ratios at experimental sides of groups I and II in each observation days.

Figure 6.

Histologic images of RANKL and OPG expression in interradicular area of maxillary molar on day 21: A, RANKL in GI experimental side. B, RANKL in GII experimental side. C, RANKL in Saline injected side. D, OPG in GI experimental side. E, OPG in GII experimental side. F, OPG in Saline injected side.

Table V.

RANKL/OPG Ratio in Study Group (Mean ± SD)

ExperimentalControlp
Group I- Day 11.08 ± 0.091.14 ± 0.230.336
Group I- Day 31.14 ± 0.161.1 ± 0.230.387
Group I- Day 71.06 ± 0.251.01 ± 0.230.297
Group I- Day 141.17 ± 0.161.14 ± 0.180.044*
Group I- Day 211.45 ± 0.161.21 ± 0.150.03*
Group II- Day 11.01 ± 0.151.01 ± 0.150.481
Group II- Day 31.21 ± 0.271.05 ± 0.160.161
Group II- Day 71.2 ± 0.180.91 ± 0.120.021*
Group II- Day 141.28 ± 0.11.11 ± 0.140.043*
Group II- Day 211.37 ± 0.121.25 ± 0.180.048*

1 Paired Student’s t test

1 * Significance level p < 0.05.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2024-0032 | Journal eISSN: 2207-7480 | Journal ISSN: 2207-7472
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 172 - 183
Submitted on: Jul 1, 2024
Accepted on: Nov 1, 2024
Published on: Feb 5, 2025
Published by: Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Basic medical science, other

© 2025 Dler Mourad, Merve Goymen, Fatma Deniz Uzuner, Tuna Onal, Mehmet Ibrahim Tuglu, published by Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 40 (2024): Issue 2 (July 2024)
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