Comparing the efficiency of maxillary protraction using digital cooperation monitoring in ages 4–7 and 8–11: a prospective study

Yaradanakul, K.; Yilmaz, B.

doi:10.2478/aoj-2024-0011

Figures & Tables

Pre-treatment intra- and extra-oral records of a 5-year-old patient.

Acrylic Cap Splint Rapid Maxillary Expansion Appliance.

Application of the face mask (A) and the microsensor incorporation into the forehead pad (B).

A patient’s digital monitorisation chart displaying the duration of appliance wear over a month.

intra- and extra-oral records of the same patient after face mask therapy, prior to the removal of the rapid maxillary expansion appliance.

Intragroup comparison of the changes in dental, soft tissue, and skeletal parameters in children aged 8 to 11

	T0		T1
n = 11	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value	Norms
SNA (°)	78	3.68	80.7	4.22	<0.001***	82° ± 2
SNB (°)	78.1	3.45	77.8	3.78	0.53	80° ± 2
ANB (°)	-0.1	2	2.8	1.4	<0.001***	2° ± 2
A-Nasionperp (mm)	-2	1.79	0.45	2.17	<0.01**	0 ± 3
Pg-Nasionperp (mm)	-3.66	3.24	-3.7	4.2	0.97	-4 ± 5
Wits (mm)	-4.72	2.8	-1.97	2.45	<0.01**	-1 ± 3
Y Axis (°)	59	2.48	59.5	2.16	0.44	59° ± 6
SN-GoGn (°)	35.18	2.78	36.36	3.47	0.09	32° ± 7
FMA (°)	28	2.79	28.9	2.5	0.15	25° ± 5
N-Me (mm)	102.5	3.6	103.8	4.25	0.15	114.4 ± 5
S-Go (mm)	66.69	3.11	66.72	4.54	0.97	74.4 ± 4
ANS-Me (mm)	57.11	2.93	59.29	2.8	<0.001***	57-58
Co-A (mm)	74.5	3.5	76.47	3.91	<0.01**	81
Co-Gn (mm)	98.69	4.9	99.57	6	0.4	99-102
S-N (mm)	62.35	3	62.37	2.7	0.96	73.2 ± 3
Maxillary Depth (°)	87.27	2	90.45	2.2	<0.01**	90 ± 3
Maxillary Height (°)	59.9	2.8	59.36	2.54	0.31	53 ± 3
FH-Palatal Plane (°)	-0.09	2.7	-1.36	3.5	0.16	4 ± 3
Saddle Angle(°)	125.72	6.97	122.77	6.69	<0.05*	122 ± 5
Articular Angle (°)	138.18	6.88	142.9	7.64	<0.01**	143 ± 6
Gonial Angle (°)	130.8	7.97	130.8	8.93	1	130 ± 7
Nasolabial Angle (°)	110.45	12.6	112.5	13	0.32	104° ± 8
UL-E Line (mm)	-2	1.3	-0.9	1.42	<0.001***	-4 ± 2
LL-E Line (mm)	0.59	2.66	0.68	2.27	0.79	-2 ± 2
U1/SN (°)	99.45	4	99.72	5.2	0.84	102° ± 5
U1/PP (°)	105.9	6	107.9	6.3	0.45	110° ± 5
U1-A/Vert (mm)	2.1	0.75	2.1	1.74	1	4 mm ± 3
U1/Occlusal Plane (°)	60.27	3.77	58.5	5.33	0.37	57.8 ± 3
L1-A/Pg (mm)	2.59	1.99	0.6	1.51	<0.01**	2.7 mm ± 1
IMPA	87.27	6.55	84.36	7.85	0.08	90° ± 5
Interincisor Angle (°)	137	8.49	138.3	10	0.51	130° ± 6
Holdaway Ratio	-1.76	5.45	-4.86	13.5	0.39	1/1 ± 0.5
Molar Relation (mm)	-2.79	1.84	0.6	1.5	<0.001***	-3 ± 3
Overjet (mm)	-0.13	2.3	3.6	2.4	<0.001***	2.5 ± 2.5
Overbite (mm)	-0.03	1.9	-0.8	2.9	0.81	2.5 ± 2.5

The skeletal, dental, and soft tissue parameters

Sagital parameters	Norms
SNA (°)	82° ± 2
Maxillary High (°)	53 ± 3
Maxillary Depth (°)	90 ± 3
A-Nasionperp (mm)	0 ± 3
Co-A (mm)	81
SNB (°)	80° ± 2
Pg-Nasionperp (mm)	-4 ± 5
Co-Gn (mm)	99-102
Maxillomandibular relationship parameters
ANB (°)	2° ± 2
Wits (mm)	-1 ± 3
Vertical parameters
S-N (mm)	73.2 ± 3
ANS-Me (mm)	57-58
FH-Palatal Plane (°)	4 ± 3
SN-GoGn (°)	32° ± 7
FMA (°)	25° ± 5
Y Axis (°)	59° ± 6
Saddle Angle (°)	122 ± 5
Articular Angle (°)	143 ± 6
Gonial Angle (°)	130 ± 7
N-Me (mm)	114.4 ± 5
S-Go (mm)	74.4 ± 4
Dental parameters
U1/SN (°)	102° ± 5
U1/PP (°)	110° ± 5
U1-A/Vert (mm)	4 mm ± 3
U1/Occlusal Plane (°)	57.8 ± 3
L1-A/Pg (mm)	2.7 mm ± 1
IMPA (°)	90° ± 5
interincisor Angle (°)	130° ± 6
Holdaway Ratio	1/1 ± 0.5
Molar Relation (mm)	-3 ± 3
Overjet (mm)	2.5 ± 2.5
Overbite (mm)	2.5 ± 2.5
Soft tissue Parameters
Nasolabial Angle (°)	104° ± 8
UL-E Line (mm)	-4 ± 2
LL-E Line (mm)	-2 ± 2

Comparison of the 4–7 and 8–11 age groups’ changes in skeletal, soft tissue, and dental parameters

	4–7 Years old		8–11 Years old
Groups	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value
ΔSNA (°)	3	2	2.7	1.1	0.7
ΔSNB (°)	-0.9	1	-0.3	1.8	0.4
ΔANB (°)	2.7	3.4	3	1.4	0.8
ΔA-Nasionperp (mm)	2.7	2.7	2.5	1.6	0.8
ΔPg-Nasionperp (mm)	-0.2	3.3	-0.3	4.1	0.94
ΔWits (mm)	3.2	1.7	2.4	2.9	0.4
ΔY Axis(°)	0.2	3.1	0.3	2.2	0.9
ΔSN-GoGn (°)	2.5	2.9	1.1	2	0.22
ΔFMA (°)	1.1	3.1	0.9	1.9	0.8
ΔN-Me (mm)	2.7	1.6	1.4	2.8	0.2
ΔS-Go (mm)	-0.4	2.3	0.1	3.4	0.66
ΔANS-Me (mm)	2.9	1.6	2	1.3	0.19
ΔCo-A (mm)	2.3	1.9	1.9	1.7	0.65
ΔCo-Gn (mm)	0.7	1.9	0.8	3.4	0.89
ΔS-N (mm)	0.3	1.5	0.1	1.5	0.72
ΔMaxillary Depth (°)	3	2.7	3	2	1
ΔMaxillary Height (°)	1	3.6	-0.5	1.6	0.19
ΔFH-Palatal Plane (°)	-1.5	5	-1.2	2.7	0.89
ΔSaddle Angle (°)	1	4	-2.4	4.1	0.06
ΔArticular Angle (°)	1.4	7.8	4.7	4.3	0.24
ΔGonial Angle (°)	0.8	4.6	0	4.4	0.67
ΔNazolabial Angle (°)	-0.6	7.6	2	6.72	0.38
ΔUL-E Line (mm)	0.8	1.9	1.1	0.5	0.58
ΔLL-E Line (mm)	-0.4	2.1	0.7	1.1	0.52
ΔMolar Relation (mm)	2.89	1.6	3.4	2	0.49
ΔOverjet (mm)	3.3	2.4	3.6	2.3	0.75
ΔOverbite (mm)	-0.8	2.9	-0.03	1.9	0.46

Intragroup comparison of the changes in dental, soft tissue, and skeletal parameters in children aged 4 to 7

	T0		T1
n = 11	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value	Norms
SNA (°)	79.72	4	82.72	4.1	<0.01**	82° ± 2
SNB (°)	79.6	3.93	78.6	3.88	<0.05*	80° ± 2
ANB (°)	0.27	2.24	4	1.37	<0.001***	2° ± 2
A-Nasionperp (mm)	-0.69	4.2	2.1	3.5	<0.01**	0 ±3
Pg-Nasionperp (mm)	-2.6	6.7	-2.87	5.2	0.82	-4 ± 5
Wits (mm)	-5.4	3	-2.2	2.97	<0.001***	-1 ± 3
Y Axis (°)	57.9	4.6	58	2.6	0.77	59° ± 6
SN-GoGn (°)	34.2	4	36.8	5	<0.05*	32° ± 7
FMA (°)	27.9	4.39	29	3.1	0.23	25° ± 5
N-Me (mm)	94.5	3	97.3	3	<0.001***	114.4 ± 5
S-Go (mm)	62	4.4	61.6	3.8	0.59	74.4 ± 4
ANS-Me (mm)	53.9	3.4	56.8	2.1	<0.001***	57-58
Co-A (mm)	70.32	2.78	72	3.3	0.05	81
Co-Gn (mm)	92	3.6	92.7	3.3	0.31	99-102
S-N (mm)	59.48	2.4	59.8	1.99	0.47	73.2 ± 3
Maxillary Depth (°)	89.27	4.26	92.36	3.44	<0.01**	90 ± 3
Maxillary Height (°)	56.27	3.9	57.36	2.5	0.34	53 ±3
FH-Palatal Plane (°)	-1.54	4.32	-3	2.97	0.34	4 ± 3
Saddle Angle(°)	120	3.4	120.6	4.6	0.61	122 ± 5
Articular Angle (°)	140.45	6.36	144.27	9	0.15	143 ± 6
Gonial Angle (°)	131.9	4.41	132.9	5.87	0.49	130 ± 7
Nasolabial Angle (°)	119.18	10	118.54	7.47	0.78	104° ± 8
UL-E Line (mm)	-0.4	1.79	0.06	1.96	0.3	-4 ± 2
LL-E Line (mm)	2	1.62	0.82	2.46	0.05	-2 ± 2
Molar Relation (mm)	-3.54	2.68	-0.71	2	<0.001***	-3 ± 3
Overjet (mm)	-1.46	2.12	2.15	1.32	<0.001***	2.5 ± 2.5
Overbite (mm)	0.33	3.5	-0.47	2.4	0.38	2.5 ± 2.5

Intergroup comparison of the demographic data between the 4–7 and 8–11 year old groups

	4–7 Years old	8–11 Years old
	n = 11	n = 11	p-value
Male	5 (%45.5)	4 (%36.4)	0.66¹
Female	6 (%54.5)	7 (%63.6)
Treatment starting age (years)
Median (min-max)	6.3 (4.9-7.6)	9.1 (7.9-11.4)
Treatment duration (months)
Mean+SD	6.6 + 1.3	7.6 + 1.2	0.09²
Med (min-max)	6.3 (5.2-9.3)	7.8 (5.4-9.1)
Daily usage time (hours)
Mean+SD	8.9 + 1.8	7.1 + 0.9	<0.01³*

Comparing the efficiency of maxillary protraction using digital cooperation monitoring in ages 4–7 and 8–11: a prospective study

Figures & Tables

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Figure. 6

Intragroup comparison of the changes in dental, soft tissue, and skeletal parameters in children aged 8 to 11

The skeletal, dental, and soft tissue parameters

Comparison of the 4–7 and 8–11 age groups’ changes in skeletal, soft tissue, and dental parameters

Intragroup comparison of the changes in dental, soft tissue, and skeletal parameters in children aged 4 to 7

Intergroup comparison of the demographic data between the 4–7 and 8–11 year old groups

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