References
- FDI World Dental Federation. Action Against Illegal Dental Practice; 2021. Accessed April 10, 2023. Available at: https://www.fdiworlddental.org/action-against-illegal-dental-practice.
- Reddy KV, Bansal V, Singh PK, Bhambal A, Gupta M, Gupta S. Perce ptions regarding treatment by dental quacks and self-rated oral health among the residents of Bhopal city, central India. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent. 2017;15: 84.
- Naidu RS, Gobin I, Newton JT. Perceptions and use of dental quacks (unqualified dental practitioners) and self rated oral health in Trinidad. Int Dent J. 2003; 53: 447–54.
- Benzian H, Jean J, van Palenstein Helderman W. Illegal oral care: more than a legal issue. Int Dent J. 2020; 60:399–406.
- Deverick J. Let’s work together to eliminate illegal tooth whitening. BDJ Team. 2020;7(2):18–9.
- Carter A, Stokes S. Availability of ‘do-it-yourself’orthodontics in the United Kingdom. J Orthod. 2022;49:83–8.
- Olson JC, Shroff B, Carrico C, Boyle J, Lindauer SJ. Comparison of patient factors influencing the selection of an orthodontist, general dentist, or direct-to-consumer aligners. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020;157(4): 526–32.
- Park JH. A licensed orthodontist versus do-it-yourself orthod ontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020; 157: 591–2.
- American Dental Association. New Dentist Now. ADA files complaint with FTC, FDA against SmileDirect Club; 2019. Accessed April 13, 2023. Available at: https://newdentistblog.ada.org/ada-files-complaint-with-ftc-fda-against-smiledirect-club/.
- General Dental Council. GDC statement on ‘direct-to-consumer-orthod ontic treatment. Accessed April 13, 2023 Available at: https://www.gdc-uk.org/standards-guidance/standards-and-guidance/gdc-guidance-for-dental-professionals/direct-to-consumer-orthodontics/gdc-statement-on-direct-to-consumer-orthodontic-treatment.
- Nor NAM, Hassan WN, Makhbul MZ, Yusof ZY. Fake braces by quacks in Malaysia: an expert opinion. Ann Dent UM. 2020;27:33–40.
- Samman M, Bahanan L. The perception and usage of fake braces: Twitter content analysis. Open Dentistry J. 2023;17:1–6.
- Hakami Z, Chung HS, Moafa S, Nasser H, Sowadi H, Saheb S, et al. Impact of fashion braces on oral health related quality of life: a web-based cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20:236.
- Ashworth C. Thai doctors warn about the dangers of fashion braces. Accessed September 12, 2023. Available at: Thai doctors warn about the dangers of fashion braces | Thaiger (https://www.thethaiger.com).
- Annual Report 2021, Oral Health Program. 2021:147. Accessed April 13, 2023. Available at: https://hq.moh.gov.my/ohd/images/pdf/annual_rpt/annual_rpt21.pdf. Ministry of Health Malaysia.
- Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19(6):349–57.
- Masoud AI, Alshams FA. The use of decorative braces in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Orthod Sci. 2020;9:1–6.
- Happening in Philippines. Dangerous DIY braces. Accessed September 12, 2023. Available at: Dangerous DIY braces (https://www.happeninginphilippines.com).
- Dental Act 2018 [Act 804]. Accessed March 2, 2023. Available at: https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputaktap/aktaBI_20180626_AktaPergigianBI.pdf.
- Private Healthcare Facilities and Services Act 1998 [Act 586]. Accessed April 14, 2023. Available at: https://lom.agc.gov.my/.
- Petch P. Accessed March 1, 2023. Available at: https://thethaiger.com/news/national/woman-arrested-for-operating-illegal-dental-clinic-from-her-car.
- Mohd Nor NA, Ab-Azizi MH, Ramasindarum C, Kamarudin Y. Fake braces: A content analysis of Instagram post by unlicensed providers. JUMMEC. 2023;26:135–42.
- Mazerolle L, Soole D, Rombouts S. Street-level drug law enforcement: A meta-analytic review. J Exp Criminol. 2006; 2:409–35.
- Loo SC, Norkhair MI, Hsiung TM, Abd Jabar AH, Talin BA. Evaluation of prosecution against illegal drugs and cosmetics by Pharmacy Enforcement Branch (PEB) in Sarawak Malaysia. Int J Pharm Sci 2020;12:867–8.
- Sivakumar A. The dark side of orthodontic practice. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(2):160.
- Kamarudin Y, Zakaria NN, Xinhui VO. Orthodontics on sale: Fixed appliances on E-commerce platforms. Aust Orthod J. 2022;38:22–8.
- Busch C. When Product Liability Meets the Platform Economy: A European Perspective on Oberdorf v. Amazon (October 7, 2019). 8 Journal of European Consumer and Market Law 173-174 (2019). Accessed April 10, 2023. Available at: SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3465632.
- Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. Social Regulation. Accessed April 11, 2023. Available at: https://www.mcmc.gov.my/en/sectors/broadcasting/social-regulation.
- Stephen K. The Social Responsibility of Social Media Platforms; 2021: Accessed April 13, 2023. Available at: https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/regreview-synopsis/52.
- Cyber Risk GmbH. The Digital Services Act 2022. Accessed April 1, 2023. Available at: https://www.eu-digital-services-act.com/.
- Chandra S, Bhattacharya S. Unqualified medical practitioners their illegal but indispensable role in primary healthcare. Econ Polit Wkly. 2019;54:36–44.
- Binalrimal S. The effect of social media on the perception and demand of aesthetic dentistry. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res. 2019;7:63–7.
- Holden ACL, Adam L, Thomson WM. Dentists’ perspectives on commercial practices in private dentistry. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2022;7:29–40.
- Rani H, Arjunaidy B, Roslan NA, Wan Muhamad WNSA, Yahya, NA. A descriptive summary of unlicensed dental practice. Malaysian J Public Health Med 2020;20:252–60.