Figure 1.
Pre-treatment extraoral and intraoral photographs.
Figure 2.
Initial study models.
Figure 3.
The pre-treatment labial and lingual bone volume of anterior teeth (A) and temporomandibular joint radiograph (B).
Figure 4.
Pre-treatment panoramic radiograph (A) and lateral cephalometric radiograph (B).
Table I.
Pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalometric analysis.
| Measurement | Mean ± SD | Pre-treatment | Post-treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sagittal skeletal relations | |||
| S-N-A | 82° ± 3.5° | 76° | 72° |
| S-N-PG | 80° ± 3.5° | 73° | 70° |
| A-N-PG | 2° ± 2.5° | 3° | 2° |
| Vertical skeletal relations | |||
| S-N/ANS-PNS | 8° ± 3.0° | 6° | 11° |
| S-N/GO-GN | 33° ± 2.5° | 48° | 48° |
| ANS-PNS/GO-GN | 25° ± 6.0° | 32° | 27° |
| Dento-basal relations | |||
| UI/ANS-PNS | 110° ± 6.0° | 129° | 118° |
| LI/GO-GN | 94° ± 7.0° | 91° | 82° |
| LI/A-PG (mm) | 2 ± 2.0 | 4.4 | 2.7 |
| Dental relations | |||
| Overjet (mm) | 3.5 ± 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.6 |
| Overbite (mm) | 2 ± 2.5 | -2.8 | 1.2 |
| Interincisal angle UI/LI | 132° ± 6.0° | 108° | 133° |
Figure 5.
Pre-treatment ClinCheck treatment plan (Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Figure 6.
Refinement stage: ClinCheck treatment plan (Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Figure 7.
Post-treatment extraoral and intraoral photographs.
Figure 8.
Final study models.
Figure 9.
Two-dimensional (2D) superimposed cephalometric tracings.
Figure 10.
Three-dimensional (3D) superimpositions (pre-treatment and post-treatment). (A) the anterior teeth; (B–D) the posterior teeth.
Figure 11.
Post-treatment panoramic radiograph (A) and lateral cephalometric radiograph (B).
Figure 12.
The post-treatment labial and lingual bone volume of anterior teeth (A) and temporomandibular joint radiograph (B).
Figure 13.
The ‘pendulum effect’ of the retraction of the anterior teeth.
Figure 14.
Counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible.
Figure 15.
The extrusive force and intrusive force generated by reciprocal anchorage.
Figure 16.
Overcorrection to keep the crowns inclined distally. (A-B) during treatment. (C-D) before treatment.