Low levels of awareness of obstructive sleep apnoea amongst the Australian general public

	N (%)
Gender
Male	982 (48.71%)
Female	1034 (51.29%)
Age
18–24	253 (12.55%)
25–34	361 (17.91%)
35–44	385 (19.10%)
45–54	370 (18.35%)
55–64	292 (14.48%)
65+	355 (17.61%)
Highest qualification achieved
Did not complete high school	198 (9.82%)
High school	490 (24.31%)
TAFE	591 (29.32%)
Bachelor	518 (25.69%)
Masters	164 (8.13%)
PhD	55 (2.73%)
Occupation status
Full-time	753 (37.35%)
Part-time	359 (17.81%)
Carer	142 (7.04%
Student	154 (7.64%)
Temporarily unemployed	124 (6.15%)
Retired	414 (20.54%)
Permanently unemployed	70 (3.47%)
Annual household income (AUD)
<25,000	305 (15.13%)
25–50,0000	476 (23.61%)
50–100,000	728 (36.11%
>100,000	507 (25.15%

Table II.

Demographic characteristics (gender, age group, education, employment status, annual income) and their associations with awareness of obstructive sleep apnoea.

	Univariate					Multivariate
Demographic characteristic	Yes %	No %	χ²	P	DF	OR	95% CI		χ²	P	DF
Gender			0.80	0.33	1				0.08	0.78	1
Male	57.8	42.3				Ref
Female	55.8	44.2				1.03	0.86	1.23	0.07	0.79
All	56.7	43.3
Age group			25.32	0.00	5				29.65	<0.0001	5
18–24	45.8	54.2				Ref
25–34	54.9	45.1				1.23	0.88	1.73	1.47	0.23
35–44	56.6	43.4				1.35	0.97	1.88	3.10	0.08
45–54	54.7	45.3				1.36	0.98	1.90	3.31	0.07
55–64	61.1	38.9				1.80	1.26	2.55	10.69	0.00
65+	65.0	35.0				2.31	1.64	3.25	22.72	<0.0001
Education			27.85	<0.0001	5				32.60	<0.0001	5
Did not complete high school	47.9	52.2				Ref
High school graduate	52.5	47.5				1.34	0.95	1.88	2.81	0.09
TAFE	55.8	44.3				1.53	1.09	2.13	6.16	0.01
Bachelor’s degree	64.1	35.9				2.29	1.62	3.24	21.76	<0.0001
Master’s Degree	57.9	42.1				1.75	1.13	2.69	6.36	0.01
Advanced Graduate work or Ph.D	72.8	27.2				3.26	1.67	6.38	11.98	0.00
Employment			18.60	0.00	6
Working full time (more than 30 hr a week)	56.8	43.3
Working part-time (8–30 hr a week)	58.4	41.6
Carer (of home, family, etc.,)	55.8	44.2
Student	45.6	54.4
Temporarily unemployed	52.2	47.8
Retired	62.8	37.2
Permanently unemployed	45.8	54.2

Household income			11.49	0.01	3
Less than $24,999	48.3	51.7
$25,000–$49,999	59.6	40.5
$50,000–$99,999	56.7	43.3
$100,000 or more	59.2	40.8

Table III.

Demographic characteristics (gender, age group, education, employment status, annual income) and their associations with awareness of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea.

	Univariate						Multivariate
Demographic characteristic	Yes	No	Don’t know	χ²	P	DF	OR	95% CI		χ²	P	DF
Gender				20.64	<0.0001	1				16.72	<0.0001	1
Male	25.8	10.8	63.4				Ref
Female	35.0	8.5	56.4				1.45	1.21	1.73	16.72	<0.0001
All	30.5	9.6	59.8
Age group				61.72	<0.0001	5
18–24	34.8	9.0	56.2
25–34	29.7	17.2	53.1
35–44	29.3	14.3	56.4
45–54	29.0	6.2	64.9
55–64	31.9	6.7	61.4
65+	30.4	3.4	66.3
Education				42.44	<0.0001	5				19.80	0.00	5
Did not complete high school	26.2	3.0	70.8				Ref
High school graduate	30.5	8.3	61.2				1.44	1.02	2.05	4.18	0.04
TAFE	28.9	9.1	62.0				1.39	0.99	1.96	3.61	0.06
Bachelor’s degree	32.2	11.5	56.4				1.73	1.23	2.45	9.73	0.00
Master’s Degree	33.0	19.1	48.0				2.19	1.43	3.35	13.15	0.00
Advanced Graduate work or Ph.D	41.7	5.6	52.7				2.39	1.32	4.34	8.25	0.00
Employment				38.71	0.00	6
Working full time (more than 30 hr a week)	28.0	13.2	58.8
Working part-time (8–30 hr a week)	31.2	9.5	59.3
Carer (of home, family, etc.,)	37.3	11.1	51.6
Student	36.2	10.5	53.3
Temporarily unemployed	25.8	6.5	67.7
Retired	32.0	4.0	64.0
Permanently unemployed	28.6	5.7	65.7
Household income				8.37	0.21	3
Less than $24,999	29.1	9.0	61.9
$25,000–$49,999	34.5	7.9	57.6
$50,000–$99,999	27.9	10.4	61.7
$100,000 or more	31.5	10.5	58.0

Table IV.

Demographic characteristics (gender, age group, education, employment status, annual income) and their associations with previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea.

Previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea	Univariate					Multivariate
Demographic characteristic	Yes	No	χ²	P	DF	OR	95% CI		χ²	P	DF
Gender			26.66	<0.0001	1				24.59	<0.0001	1
Male	20.2	79.8				Ref
Female	9.3	90.7				0.38	0.26	0.56	24.59	<0.0001
All	8.4	48.6

Age group			27.73	<0.0001	5
18–24	5.9	94.1
25–34	9.6	90.4
35–44	11.9	88.1
45–54	16.1	83.9
55–64	16.7	83.3
65+	23.5	76.5
State			14.32	0.05	7				15.42	0.03	7
New South Wales	13.6	86.5				Ref
Queensland	17.2	82.9				1.40	0.87	2.23	1.92	0.17
Victoria	17.4	82.6				1.62	1.03	2.53	4.35	0.04
Western Australia	9.7	90.3				0.81	0.40	1.64	0.33	0.56
Tasmania	9.9	90.1				0.69	0.18	2.61	0.30	0.59
South Australia	7.7	92.3				0.53	0.23	1.27	2.03	0.15
ACT	25.2	74.8				2.39	0.84	6.83	2.66	0.10
Northern Territory	33.2	66.8				3.44	0.89	13.27	3.21	0.07
Education			3.81	0.58	5
Did not complete high school	19.8	80.2
High school graduate	13.6	86.5
TAFE	15.8	84.2
Bachelor’s degree	14.2	85.8
Master’s Degree	10.6	89.4
Advanced Graduate work or Ph.D	15.1	85.0
Employment			44.01	<0.0001	6			37.42	<0.0001
Working full time (more than 30 hr a week)	11.2	88.9				Ref
Working part-time (8–30 hr a week)	11.4	88.6				1.38	0.80	2.38
Carer (of home, family, etc.,)	12.5	87.5				1.76	0.81	3.81
Student	7.0	93.0				0.73	0.28	1.95
Temporarily unemployed	10.5	89.5				1.22	0.51	2.92
Retired	27.4	72.6				3.30	2.17	5.03
Permanently unemployed	12.0	88.1				1.01	0.33	3.10
Household income			9.85	0.02	3
Less than $24,999	19.7	80.3
$25,000–$49,999	18.4	81.6
$50,000–$99,999	11.8	88.2
$100,000 or more	12.7	87.4

Table V.

Demographic characteristics (gender, age group, education, employment status, annual income) and their associations with significant Epsworth Sleepiness Scores.

Epsworth Sleepiness Scale	Univariate					Multivariate
Demographic characteristic	≥10	<10	χ²	P	DF	OR	95% CI		χ²	P	DF
Gender			0.79	0.61	1				24.59	<0.0001	1
Male	13.5	86.5				Ref
Female	11.0	89.0				0.80	0.60	1.06	2.35	0.13
All	12.2	87.8

Age group			10.77	0.06	5				15.52	0.01	5
18–24	12.9	87.1				Ref
25–34	15.5	84.5				0.92	0.55	1.55	0.09	0.76
35–44	14.3	85.7				0.76	0.45	1.29	1.03	0.31
45–54	10.2	89.8				0.54	0.31	0.94	4.81	0.03
55–64	11.5	88.5				0.53	0.29	0.98	4.13	0.04
65+	8.8	91.2				0.29	0.14	0.61	10.46	0.00
Education			10.39	0.07	5
Did not complete high school	10.6	89.4
High school graduate	11.1	88.9
TAFE	10.0	90.1
Bachelor’s degree	14.7	85.4
Master’s Degree	16.5	83.6
Advanced Graduate work or Ph.D	16.5	83.5
Employment			13.01	0.04	6				14.17	0.03	6
Working full time (more than 30 hr a week)	15.5	84.5				Ref
Working part-time (8–30 hr a week)	10.5	89.5				0.73	0.48	1.09	2.36	0.12
Carer (of home, family, etc.,)	9.0	91.0				0.61	0.33	1.15	2.35	0.13
Student	9.1	90.9				0.44	0.22	0.85	5.86	0.02
Temporarily unemployed	9.7	90.3				0.57	0.30	1.08	2.93	0.09
Retired	11.3	88.7				1.40	0.80	2.46	1.41	0.23
Permanently unemployed	8.5	91.5				0.55	0.23	1.32	1.77	0.18
Household income			1.59	0.66	3
Less than $24,999	13.5	86.5
$25,000–$49,999	11.0	89.1
$50,000–$99,999	11.9	88.1
$100,000 or more	13.1	86.9

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2207-7480 | Journal ISSN: 2207-7472

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Language: English

Page range: 13 - 26

Submitted on: Oct 1, 2022

Accepted on: Dec 1, 2022

Published on: Jan 23, 2023

Published by: Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Related subjects:

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Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2023 Emmanuel Chan, Oyku Dalci, Michelle Irving, Roy Byun, Alexandra K. Papadopoulou, M. Ali Darendeliler, published by Australian Society of Orthodontists Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 39 (2023): Issue 1 (January 2023)