Figure 1.
Pre-treatment photographs.
Figure 2.
Pre-treatment dental casts.
Figure 3.
Pre-treatment lateral cephalogram and orthopantomogram.
Figure 4.
Tubinger facemask with photos demonstrating intraoral anchors.
Figure 5.
Completion of full fixed appliances photographs (1994).
Figure 6.
Post-Facemask lateral cephologram and orthopantomogram (1996).
Figure 7.
Profile view of Pre-tx (1991), Post FM treatment (1996) and 24 years post FM Treatment (2020).
Table I.
Clinical measurements.
| Pre treatment | RME completion | Full fixed appliance completion | Retention (1 year prior FM completion) | Prior to re-treatment (11 years post FM) | After re-treatment | 24 Years Post treatment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overbite (%) | 60 | 40 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 40 | 20 |
| Overjet (mm) | -5 | 4 | 2.5 | 2 | -1 | 3 | 1 |
| Incisor relationship | III | II | I | I | III | I | I |
| Molar relationship | III | II | I | I | I | I | I |
| Intermolar width Mx (mm) | 45 | 47 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 43 | 42 |
| Arch Depth Mx (mm) | 25 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 19 | 21 | 20 |
| Intermolar width Md (mm) | 39 | 42 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 |
| Arch Depth Md (mm) | 23 | 18 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 |
Table II.
Cephalometric Measurements.
| Immediate effects | Medium and long term observations | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement | Pre-treatment | RME completion | Full fixed appliance completion | FM completion | 2 Years post FM cessation | 11 Years post FM cessation | 24 Years post FM cessation |
| SNA ( ) | 76 | 78 | 79 | 79.5 | 79 | 79 | 79 |
| SNB (°) | 83 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 81.5 | 81 |
| ANB (°) | -7 | -3 | -2 | -1.5 | -3 | -2.5 | -2 |
| WITS (mm) | -13 | -7 | -8 | -8 | -9 | -5 | -5 |
| NAPog (°) | -7 | -3 | -2.5 | -3 | -3 | -3.5 | -4 |
| SN – PP (°) | 8 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 7.5 | 4 | 3 |
| SN-GoGn(°) | 34 | 34 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
| Co-A (mm) | 69 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 785 |
| Co- Pog (mm) | 95 | 100 | 104 | 107 | 109 | 110 | 122 |
| LAFH/TAFH (%) | 56 | 58 | 60 | 59 | 61 | 60 | 61 |
| U1 – PP (°) | 113 | 111 | 110 | 110 | 110 | 106 | 110 |
| U1 – NA (°) | 28 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 25 | 18 | 28 |
| L1-MP (°) | 76 | 58 | 68.5 | 75 | 77 | 77 | 64 |
| L1-NB (°) | 15 | 3 | 10.5 | 15 | 19 | 19 | 10 |
| Interincisal angle (°) | 144 | 160 | 144 | 136 | 136 | 144 | 146 |
| NLA (°) | 60 | 90 | 92 | 94 | 94 | 106 | 104 |
| Ulip-E line (mm) | -9 | -4 | -4 | -7 | -8 | -9 | -12 |
| Llip-E line (mm) | 3 | 1 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -3 | -3 |
| OJ (mm) | -5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | -1.5 | -2 | 1 |
| OB (mm) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Figure 8.
Superimposition of initial (1991; black), post treatment (1996; blue) and Twenty-four year retention (2020; red) on Sella-Nasion.
Figure 9.
Twenty-four years post-FM cessation photographs.
Figure 10.
Twenty-four years post-FM cessation lateral cephalogram and orthopantomogram.
Figure 11.
Twenty-four years post-FM cessation dental casts.