References
- Rygh P, Bowling K, Hovlansdal L, Williams S. Activation of the vascular system. A main mediator of periodontal remodelling in orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod 1986;89:453-68.
- Mostafa YA, Iskander KG, El-Maangoury NH. Iatrogenic pulpal reactions to orthodontic extrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;99:30-4.
- Hamersky PA, Weimer AD, Taintor JF. The effect of orthodontic force application on the pulpal tissue respiration rate in human premolar. Am J Orthod 1980;77:368-78.
- Stenvik A, Mjor IA. Pulp and dentine reactions to experimental tooth intrusion: a histological study of the initial changes. Am J Orthod 1970;57:370-85.
- Butcher EO, Taylor AC. The vascularity of the monkey and its alteration by tooth retraction. J Dent Res 1952;31:239-47.
- Anstendig HS, Kronman JH. A histologic study of pulpal reaction to orthodontic tooth movement in dogs. Angle Orthod 1972;42:50-5.
- Kvinnsland S, Heyeraas K, Ofjord ES. Effect of experimental tooth movement on periodontal and pulpal blood flow. Eur J Orthod 1989;11:200-5.
- Gazelius B, Lindh-Strömberg U, Pettersson H, Oberg PA. Laser Doppler technique: a future diagnostic tool for tooth pulp vitality. Int Endod J 1993;26:8-9.
- Sano Y, Ikawa M, Sugawara J, Horiuchi H, Mitani H. The effect of continuous intrusive force on human pulpal blood flow. Eur J Orthod 2002;24:159-66.
- Barwick PJ, Ramsay DS. Effect of brief intrusive force on human pulpal blood flow. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;110:273-9.
- Brodin P, Linge L, Aars H. Instant assessment of pulpal blood flow after orthodontic force application. J Orofac Orthop 1996;57:306-9.
- Ikawa M, Fujiwara M, Horiuchi H, Shimauchi H. The effect of short-term tooth intrusion on human pulpal blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Arch Oral Biol 2001;46:781-7.
- Ponce EH, Vilar Fernández JA. The cemento-dentinocanal junction, the apical foramen, and the apical constriction: evaluation by optical microscopy. J Endod 2003;29:214-19.
- Morfis A, Sylaras SN, Georgopoulou M, Kernani M, Prountzos F. Study of the apices of human permanent teeth with the use of a scanning electron microscope. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;77:172-6.
- Marroquin BB, El-Sayed MA, Willershausen-Zönnchen B. Morphology of the physiological foramen: I. Maxillary and mandibular molars. J Endod 2004;30:321-8.
- Labart WA, Taintor JF, Dyer JK, Weimer AD. The effect of orthodontic forces on pulpal respiration in the rat incisor. J Endod 1980;9:724-7.
- Nixon CE, Saviano JA, King GJ, Keeling SD. Histomorphometric study of dental pulp during orthodontic tooth movement. J Endod 1993;19:13-16.
- Guevara MH, McClugage SG. Effects of intrusive forces upon the microvasculature of the dental pulp. Angle Orthod 1980;50:129-34.
- Konno Y, Daimaruya T, Likubo M, Kanzaki R, Takahashi I, Sugawara J et al. Morphological and hemodynamic analysis of dental pulp in dogs after molar intrusion with the skeletal anchorage system. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:199-207.
- Grünheid T, Morbach BA, Zentner A. Pulpal cellular reactions o experimental tooth movement in rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104:434-41.
- Vandevska-Radunovic V, Kvinnsland S, Kvinnsland IH. Effect of experimental tooth movement on nerve fibers immunoreactive to calcitonin gene-related peptide, protein gene product 9.5, and blood vessel density and distribution in rats. Eur J Orthod 1997;19:517-29.
- Aisenberg MS. The tissues and changes involved in orthodontic tooth movements. Am J Orthod 1948;34:854-9.
- Kozan G, Burnett GW. The respiration of rat and rabbit incisor pulp. J Dent Res 1958;37:605-13.
- Alakus Sabuncuoglu F, Ersahan S. Changes in maxillary incisor dental pulp blood flow during intrusion by mini-implants. Acta Odontol Scand 2014;72:489-96.
- Reitan K. Biomechanical principles and reactions. In: Graber TM, Swain BF, eds. Orthodontics. Current concepts and techniques. St Louis: Mosby, 1985:101-92.
- Reitan K. Effects of force magnitude and direction of tooth movement on different alveolar bone types. Angle Orthod 1964;34:244-55.
- Reitan K. Initial tissue behavior during apical root resorption. Angle Orthod 1974;44:68-82.
- Vardimon AD, Graber TM, Voss LR, Lenke J. Determinants controlling iatrogenic external root resorption and repair during and after palatal expansion. Angle Orthod 199l;61:113-22.
- Ikawa M, Komatsu H, Ikawa K, Mayanagi H, Shimauchi H. Age-related changes in the human pulpal blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Dent Traumatol 2003;19:36-40.
- de Freitas MR, Beltrão RT, Janson G, Henriques JF, Cançado RH. Long-term stability of anterior open bite extraction treatment in the permanent dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:78-87.
- Iscan HN, Sarisoy L. Comparison of the effects of passive posterior bite-blocks with different construction bites on the craniofacial and dentoalveolar structures. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;112:171-8.
- Kim YH. Anterior open bite and its treatment with multiloop edgewise archwire. Angle Orthod 1987;57:290-321.
- Rinchuse DJ. Vertical elastics for correction of anterior open bite. J Clin Orthod 1994;28:284.
- Saito I, Yamaki M, Hanada K. Nonsurgical treatment of adult open bite using edgewise appliance combined with high-pull headgear and Class III elastics. Angle Orthod 2005;75:277-83.
- Proffit WR, Bailey LJ, Phillips C, Turvey TA. Long term stability of surgical openbite correction by Le Fort I osteotomy. Angle Orthod 2000;70:112-17.
- Deguchi T, Takano-Yamamoto T, Kanomi R, Hartsfield JK Jr, Roberts WE, Garetto LP. The use of small titanium screws for orthodontic anchorage. J Dent Res 2003;82:377-81.
- Tonder KJ. Effect of vasodilating drugs on external carotid and pulpal blood flow in dogs: “stealing” of dental perfusion pressure. Acta Physiol Scand 1976;97:75-87.
- Melsen B, Costa A. Immediate loading of implant used for orthodontic anchorage. Clin Orthod Res 2000;3:23-8.
- Freudenthaler JW, Haas R, Bantleon HP. Bicortical titanium screws for critical orthodontic anchorage in the mandible: a preliminary report on clinical applications. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001;12:358-63.
- Owens SE, Buschang PH, Cope JB, Franco PF, Rossouw PE. Experimental evaluation of tooth movement in the beagle dog with the mini-screw implant for orthodontic anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:639-46.
- Umemori M, Sugawara J, Mitani H, Nagasaka H, Kawamura H. Skeletal anchorage system for open bite correction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;115:166-74.
- Park YC, Lee SY, Kim DH, Jee SH. Intrusion of posterior teeth using mini-screw implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:690-4.
- Kalra V, Burstone CJ, Nanda R. Effects of a fixed magnetic appliance on the dentofacial complex. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;95:467-78.
- Dellinger EL. A histologic and cephalometric investigation of premolar intrusion in the Macaca speciosa monkey. Am J Orthod 1967;53:325-55.
- Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 7th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2005:5-116.
- Cooper MB, Landay MA, Seltzer S. The effects of excessive occlusal force on the pulp. II. Heavier and longer term forces. J Periodontol 1971;42:353-9.
- Oppenheim A. Biologic orthodontic therapy and reality. Angle Orthod 1937;7:58-9.
- Butcher EO, Taylor AC. The effects of denervation and ischemia upon the teeth of the monkey. J Dent Res 1951;30:265-75.
- Bernick S. Age changes in the blood supply to human teeth. J Dent Res 1967;46:544-50.
- Morse DR. Age-related changes of the dental pulp complex and their relation to systemic aging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;72:721-45.
- Reitan K, Kvam E. Comparative behavior of human and animal tissue during experimental tooth movement. Angle Orthod 1971;41:1-14.
- Lundgren D, Owman-Moll P, Kurol J. Early tooth movement pattern after application of a controlled continuous orthodontic force. A human experimental model. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;110:287-94.
- Gopikrishna V, Tinagupta K, Kandaswamy K. Comparison of electrical, thermal and pulse oximetry methods for assessing pulp vitality in recently traumatized teeth. J Endod 2007;33:531-5.
- Ingle JI, Heithersay GS, Hartwell GR. Endodontic diagnostic procedures. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, eds. Endodontics. London: BC Decker Inc, 2002:203-17.
- Sailus J, Trowbridge H, Greco M, Emling R. Sensitivity of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces. J Dent Res 1987;66: abstract 556.
- Ingolfsson AER, Tronstad L, Riva CE. Reliability of laser Doppler flowmetry in testing vitality of human teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1994;10:185-7.
- Odor TM, Pitt Ford TR, McDonald F. Effect of wavelength and bandwidth on the clinical reliability of laser Doppler recordings. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996;12:9-15.
- Hartmann A, Azerad J, Boucher Y. Environmental effects on laser Doppler pulpal blood-flow measurements in man. Arch Oral Biol 1996;41:333-9.
- Soo-ampon S, Vongsavan N, Soo-ampon M, Chuckpaiwong S, Matthews B. The sources of laser Doppler blood-flow signals recorded from human teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2003;48:353-60.
- Akpinar KE, Er K, Polat S, Polat NT. Effect of gingiva on laser Doppler pulpal blood flow measurements. J Endod 2004;30:138-40.
- Odor TM, Watson TF, Pitt Ford TR, McDonald F. Pattern of transmission of laser light in teeth. Int Endod J 1996;29:228-34.
- Okabe E, Todoki K, Ito H. Direct pharmacological action of vasoactive substances on pulpal blood flow: an analysis and critique. J Endod 1989;15:473-7.
- Olgart LM, Edwall B, Gazelius B. Neurogenic mediators in control of pulpal blood flow. J Endod 1989;15:409-12.
- Matthews B, Vongsavan N. Advantages and limitations of laser Doppler flowmeters. Int Endod J 1993;26:9-10.
- Vongsavan N, Matthews B. Experiments on extracted teeth into the validity of using laser Doppler techniques for recording pulpal blood flow. Arch Oral Biol 1993;38:431-9.
- Anderson KK, Vanarsdall RL, Kim S. Measurement of pulpal blood flow in humans using laser Doppler flowmetry: a technique allowing stability and repeatability of pulpal blood flow measurement during surgical manipulations. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1995;10:247-54.
- Sasano T, Onodera D, Hashimoto K, Iikubo M, Satoh-Kuriwada S, Shoji N et al. Possible application of transmitted laser light for the assessment of human pulp vitality. Part 2. Increased laser power for enhanced detection of pulpal blood flow. Dent Traumatol 2005;21:37-41.
- Ikawa M, Vongsavan N, Horiuchi H. Scattering of laser light directed onto the labial surface of extracted human upper central incisors. J Endod 1999;25:483-5.
- Polat S, Er K, Polat NT. Penetration depth of laser Doppler flowmetry beam in teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;100:125-9.