References
- Lowe AA. Correlations between orofacial muscle activity and craniofacial morphology in a sample of control and anterior open-bite subjects. Am J Orthod 1980;78:89–98.
- Lowe AA, Takada K, Taylor LM. Muscle activity during function and its correlation with craniofacial morphology in a sample of subjects with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions. Am J Orthod 1983;84:204–11.
- Lowe AA, Takada K. Associations between anterior temporal, masseter, and orbicularis oris muscle activity and craniofacial morphology in children. Am J Orthod 1984;86: 319–30.
- Takada K, Lowe AA, Freund VK. Canonical correlations between masticatory muscle orientation and dentoskeletal morphology in children. Am J Orthod 1984;86:331–41.
- Pancherz H, Aneheus-Pancherz M. Muscle activity in Class II, Division 1 malocclusions treated by bite jumping with the Herbst appliance: an electromyographic study. Am J Orthod 1980;78:321–9.
- Ingervall B. Facial morphology and activity of temporal and lip muscles during swallowing and chewing. Angle Orthod 1976;46:372–80.
- Ingervall B, Helkimo E. Masticatory muscle force and facial morphology in man. Arch Oral Biol 1978;23:203–6.
- Miralles R, Hevia R, Contreras L, Carvajal R, Bull R, Manns A. Patterns of electromyographic activity in subjects with different skeletal facial types. Angle Orthod 1991;61: 227–84.
- Ingervall B, Bitsanis E. Function of masticatory muscles during the initial phase of activator treatment. Eur J Orthod 1986;8:172–84.
- Ingervall B, Thüer U. Temporal muscle activity during the first year of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion treatment with an activator. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;99: 361–8.
- Miralles R, Berger B, Bull R, Manns A, Carvajal R. Influence of the activator on electromyographic activity of mandibular elevator muscles. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;94:97–103.
- Stavridi R, Ahlgren J. Muscle response to the oral-screen activator: an EMG study of the masseter, buccinator, and mentalis muscles. Eur J Orthod 1992;14:339–49.
- Pancherz H. Activity of the temporal and masseter muscles in Class II, Division 1 malocclusions: an electromyographic investigation. Am J Orthod 1980;77:679–88.
- Tallgren A, Melsen B, Hansen MA. An electromyographic and roentgen cephalometric study of occlusal morphofunctional disharmony in children. Am J Orthod 1979;76: 394–409.
- Ahlgren J. Early and late electromyographic response to treatment with activators. Am J Orthod 1978;74:88–93.
- Rakosi T. Principles of functional appliances. In: Graber TM, Rakosi T, Petrovic AG. Dentofacial orthopedics with functional appliances. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1997; 85–106.
- Uner O, Darendeliler N, Bilir E. Effects of an activator on the masseter and anterior temporal muscle activities in Class II malocclusions. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1999;23:327–32.
- Aggarwal P, Kharbanda OP, Mathur R, Duggal R, Parkash H. Muscle response to the twin-block appliance: an electromyographic study of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116: 405–14.
- Simpson MM. An electromyographic investigation of the perioral musculature in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. Br J Orthod 1977;4:17–22.
- Holdaway RA. A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part I. Am J Orthod 1983;84:1–28.
- Holdaway RA. A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part II. Am J Orthod 1984;85:279–93.
- Bishara SE, Hession TJ, Peterson LC. Longitudinal soft-tissue profile changes: a study of three analyses. Am J Orthod 1985;88:209–23.
- Merrifield LL. The profile line as an aid in critically evaluating facial esthetics. Am J Orthod 1966;52:804–22.
- Subtelny JD. A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures. Am J Orthod 1959;45: 481–507.
- Marşan G. Effects of activator and high-pull headgear combination therapy: skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue profile changes. Eur J Orthod 2007;29:140–8.
- Pancherz H. The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation. Am J Orthod 1982;82:104–13.
- Pancherz H. Treatment of Class II malocclusions by jumping the bite with the Herbst appliance. A cephalometric investigation. Am J Orthod 1979;76:423–42.
- Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth. Angle Orthod 1957; 27:14–37.
- McNamara JA Jr, Bookstein FL, Shaughnessy TG. Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on Class II patients. Am J Orthod 1985;88:91–110.
- Varlik SK, Gültan A, Tümer N. Comparison of the effects of Twin Block and activator treatment on the soft tissue profile. Eur J Orthod 2008;30:128–34.
- Türkkahraman H, Sayin MO. Effects of activator and activator headgear treatment: comparison with untreated Class II subjects. Eur J Orthod 2006;28:27–34.
- Battagel JM. The relationship between hard and soft tissue changes following treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusions using Edgewise and Fränkel appliance techniques. Eur J Orthod 1990;12:154–65.
- Tallgren A, Christiansen RL, Ash Jr MM, Miller RL. Effects of a myofunctional appliance on orofacial muscle activity and structures. Angle Orthod 1998;68:249–58.
- Burdette BH, Gale EN. Reliability of surface electromyography of the masseteric and anterior temporal areas. Arch Oral Biol 1990;35:747–51.
- Perry J, Easterday C, Antonelli D. Surface versus intramuscular electrodes for electromyography of superficial and deep muscles. Phys Ther 1981;61:7–15.
- Bogey R, Cerny K, Mohammed O. Repeatability of wire and surface electrodes in gait. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82: 338–44.
- Pease WS, Elinski MA. Surface and wire electromyographic. Recording during fatiguing exercise. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2003;43:267–71.
- Ahlgren J, Sonesson B, Blitz M. An electromyographic analysis of the temporalis function of normal occlusion. Am J Orthod 1985;87:230–9.
- Ahlgren JGA, Ingervall BF, Thilander BL. Muscle activity in normal and postnormal occlusion. Am J Orthod 1973;64: 445–56.