References
- Lee AK, Newman DK. Microbial iron respiration: impacts on corrosion processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003;62: 134–9.
- Jones DA, Amy PS. A thermodynamic interpretation of microbiologically influenced corrosion. Corrosion 2002;58: 638–45.
- Chang JC, Oshida Y, Gregory RL, Andres CJ, Barco TM, Brown DT. Electrochemical study on microbiology-related corrosion of metallic dental materials. Biomed Mater Eng 2003;13:281–95.
- Eliades T, Athanasiou AE. In vivo aging of orthodontic alloys: Implications for corrosion potential, nickel release and biocompatibility. Angle Orthod 2002;72:222–37.
- Beech I, Bergel A, Mollica A, Flemming HC, Scotto V, Sand W. Microbially influenced corrosion of industrial materials – Biocorrosion Network – Simple methods for the investigation of the role of biofilms in corrosion. Biofilm Fundamentals 2000;8.
- Matasa CG. Biomaterials in orthodontics. In: Graber TM, Vanarsdall R, eds. Orthodontics: Current principles and techniques. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 2000 :305–38.
- Beech IB, Sunner J. Biocorrosion: Towards understanding interactions between biofilms and metals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2004;15:181–6.
- Beech IB, Sunner JA, Hiraoka K. Microbe-surface interactions in biofouling and biocorrosion processes. Int Microbiol 2005;8:157–68.
- Geesey GG, Gillis RJ, Avci R, Daly D, Hamilton M, Shope P et al. The influence of surface features on bacterial colonization and subsequent substratum chemical changes of 316L stainless steel. Corros Sci 1996;38:73–95.
- Yuan SJ, Pehkonen SO. Microbiologically influenced corrosion of 304 stainless steel by aerobic Pseudomonas NCIMB 2021 bacteria: AFM and XPS study. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2007;59:87–99.
- Shi X, Avci R, Geiser M, Lewandowski Z. Comparative study in chemistry of microbially and electrochemically induced pitting of 316L stainless steel. Corros Sci 2003;45: 2577–95.
- Pendyala J, Avci R, Geesey GG, Stoodley P, Hamilton M, Harkin G. Chemical effects of biofilm colonization on 304 stainless steel. J Vac Sci Technol 1996;14:1755–60.
- Zottola EA. Characterization of the attachment matrix of Pseudomonas fragi attached to non-porous surfaces. Biofouling 1991;5:37–55.
- Geesey GG. Microbial exopolymers: ecological and economic considerations. ASM News 1982;48:9–14.
- Wingender J, Neu TR, Flemming HC. What are bacterial extracellular polymeric substances? In: Wingender J, Neu TR, Flemming HC, eds. Microbial extracellular polymeric substances: characterization, structure and function. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999;1–15.
- Laue H, Schenk A, Li H, Lambertsen L, Neu TR, Molin S et al. Contribution of alginate and levan production to biofilm formation by Pseudomonas syringae. Microbiology 2006;152:2909–18.
- Watnick PI, Kolter R. Steps in the development of a Vibrio cholerae El Tor biofilm. Mol Microbiol 1999;34:586–95.
- McKenney D, Hübner J, Muller E, Wang Y, Goldmann DA, Pier GB. The ica locus of Staphylococcus epidermidis encodes production of the capsular polysaccharide/adhesin. Infect Immun 1998;66:4711–20.
- Danese PN, Pratt LA, Kolter R. Exopolysaccharide production is required for development of Escherichia coli K12 biofilm architecture. J Bacteriol 2000;182:3593–6.
- Busalmen JP, Vázquez M, de Sánchez SR. New evidences on the catalase mechanism of microbial corrosion. Electrochimica Acta 2002;47:1857–65.
- Beech IB, Coutinho CLM. Biofilms on corroding materials. In: Lens P, Moran AP, Mahony T, Stoodly P, O’Flaherty V, eds. Biofilms in medicine, industry and environmental biotechnology – characteristics, analysis and control. London: IWA Publ Alliance House 2003;115–31.
- Geesey GG, Beech I, Bremer PJ, Wells DB. Biocorrosion. In: Bryers JD, eds. Biofilms II, Wiley, New York, 2000; 281–325.
- Chen G, Clayton CR. Influence of sulfate-reducing bacteria on the passivity of type 304 austenitic stainless steel. J Electrochem Soc 1997;144:3140–6.
- Little BJ, Wagner PA, Lewandowski Z. Spatial relationships between bacteria and mineral surfaces. In: Banfield JF, Nealson KH, eds. Geomicrobiology: Interactions between microbes and minerals. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. 1997;123–59.
- Potekhina JS, Sherisheva NG, Povetkina LP, Pospelov AP, Rakatina TA, Warnecke F et al. Role of microorganisms in corrosion inhibition of metals in aquatic habitats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1999;52:639–46.
- Hamilton WA. Sulphate-reducing bacteria and their role in biocorrosion. Presented at Biofouling and Biocorrosion in Industrial Water Systems, Stuttgart, Germany. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
- Licina GJ. Sourcebook for microbiologically influenced corrosion in nuclear power plants RP2812–2. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif. 1988.
- Dinh HT, Kuever J, Mussmann M, Hassel AW, Stratmann M, Widdel F. Iron corrosion by novel anaerobic microorganisms. Nature 2004;427:829–32.
- Zhang W, Culley DE, Nie L, Scholten JC. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Desulfovibrio vulgaris grown in planktonic culture and mature biofilm on a steel surface. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007;76:447–57.
- Geesey GG. What is biocorrosion? International workshop on industrial biofouling and biocorrosion, Stuttgart, Germany. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1990; 155–64.
- Hamilton WA. Sulphate-reducing bacteria and their role in biocorrosion. International workshop on industrial biofouling and biocorrosion, Stuttgart, Germany. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1990;187–93.
- Barrett EL, Clark MA. Tetrathionate reduction and production of hydrogen sulfide from thiosulfate. Microbiol Rev 1987;51:192–205.
- Widdel F. Microbiology and ecology of sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria. In: Biology of anaerobic microorganisms. Zehner AB. eds. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1988; 469–585.
- Dzierzewicz Z, Cwalina B, Chodurek E, Wilczok T. The relationship between microbial metabolic activity and biocorrosion of carbon steel. Res Microbiol 1997; 148:785–93.
- Medilansky E, Kaufmann K, Wick LY, Wanner O, Harms H. Influence of the surface topography of stainless steel on bacterial adhesion. Biofouling 2002;18:193–203.
- Postgate JR. The sulphate reducing bacteria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
- Adams MW. The structure and mechanism of iron-hydrogenases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990;1020:115–45.
- Chatelus C, Carrier P, Saignes P, Libert MF, Berlier Y, Lespinat PA et al. Hydrogenase activity in aged, nonvitable Desulfovibrio vulgaris cultures and its significance in anaerobic biocorrosion. J Appl Environ Microbiol 1987;53: 1708–10.
- Jung GY, Kim JR, Park JY, Park S. Hydrogen production by a new chemoheterotrophic bacterium Citrobacter spY19. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2002;27:601–10.
- Garcia JL, Patel BK, Fardeau ML, Ravot G, Magot M, Cayol JL et al. Thiosulfate reduction by non-sulfate-reducing anaerobic prokaryotes. Recent Res Dev Microbiology 2000; 4:701–24.
- Bermont-Bouis D, Janvier M, Grimont PA, Dupont I, Vallaeys T. Both sulphate-reducing bacteria and Entero-bacteriaceae take part in marine biocorrosion of carbon steel. J Appl Microbiol 2007;102:161–8.
- Dubiel M, Hsu CH, Chien CC, Mansfeld F, Newman DK. Microbial iron respiration can protect steel from corrosion. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002;68:1440–5.
- Little B, Wagner P, Hark K, Ray R, Lavoie D, Nealson K et al. The role of biomineralization in microbiologically influenced corrosion. Biodegradation 1998;9:1–10.
- Emerson D, Ghiorse WC. Isolation, cultural maintenance, and taxonomy of a sheath-forming strain of Leptothrix discophora and characterization of manganese-oxidizing activity associated with the sheath. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992;58:4001–10.
- Geiser M, Avci R, Lewandowski Z. Microbially initiated pitting on 316L stainless steel. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2002; 49:235–43.
- Olesen BH, Avci R, Lewandowski Z. Manganese dioxide as a potential cathodic reactant in corrosion of stainless steels. Corros Sci 2000;42:211–27.
- Jayaraman A, Earthman JC, Wood TK. Corrosion inhibition by aerobic biofilms on SAE 1018 steel. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1997;47:62–8.
- Dubiel M, Hsu CH, Chien CC, Mansfeld F, Newman DK. Microbial iron respiration can protect steel from corrosion. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002;68:1440–5.
- Nealson K, Myers CR. Microbial reduction of manganese and iron: new approaches to carbon cycling. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992;58:439–43.
- Dawood Z, Brözel VS. Corrosion-enhancing potential of Shewanella putrefaciens isolated from industrial cooling waters. J Appl Microbiol 1998;84:929–36.
- Smoot LM, Pierson MD. Influence of environmental stress on the kinetics and strength of attachment of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A to Buna-N rubber and stainless steel. J Food Prot 1998;61:1286–92.
- Barnes LM, Lo MF, Adams MR, Chamberlain AH. Effect of milk proteins on adhesion of bacteria to stainless steel surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999;65:4543–8.
- Little B, Lee J, Ray R. A review of ‘green’ strategies to prevent or mitigate microbiologically influenced corrosion. Biofouling 2007;23:87–97.
- McEldowney S, Fletcher M. Adhesion of bacteria from mixed cell suspension to solid surfaces. Arch Microbiol 1987;148:57–62.
- Thomas CJ, Edyvean RG, Brook R. Biologically enhanced corrosion fatigue. Biofouling 1988;1:65–77.
- Hernandez G, Kucera V, Thierry D, Pedersen A, Hermansson M. Corrosion inhibition of steel by bacteria. Corrosion 1994;50:603–8.
- Jayaraman A, Cheng ET, Earthman JC, Wood TK. Axenic aerobic biofilms inhibit corrosion of SAE 1018 steel through oxygen depletion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1997;48:11–17.
- Lapaglia C, Hartzell PL. Stress-induced production of biofilm in the hyperthermophile Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997;63:3158–63.
- Elkins JG, Hassett DJ, Stewart PS, Schweizer HP, McDermott TR. Protective role of catalase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm resistance to hydrogen peroxide. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999;65:4594–600.
- Resch A, Rosenstein R, Nerz C, Götz F. Differential gene expression profiling of Staphylococcus aureus cultivated under biofilm and planktonic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005;71:2663–76.
- George RP, Muraleedharan P, Sreekumari KR, Khatak HS. Influence of surface characteristics and microstructure on adhesion of bacterial cells onto a type 304 stainless steel. Biofouling 2003;19:1–8.
- Jayaraman A, Hallock PJ, Carson RM, Lee CC, Mansfeld FB, Wood TK. Inhibiting sulfate-reducing bacteria in biofilms on steel with antimicrobial peptides generated in situ. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1999; 52:267–75.
- Brusca MI, Chara O, Sterin-Borda L, Rosa AC. Influence of different orthodontic brackets on adherence of microorganisms in vitro. Angle Orthod 2006;77:331–6.
- Hamilton WA. Bioenergetics of sulphate-reducing bacteria in relation to their environmental impact. Biodegradation 1998;9:201–12.
- Baboian R. Corrosion tests and standards: application and interpretation. ASTM Manuel Series MNL 1995;20: 419–29.
- Van Pelt AW, Weerkamp AH, Uyen MH, Busscher HJ, DeJong HP, Arends J. Adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis CH3 to polymers with different surface free energies. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985;49:1270–5.
- Rosenbloom RG, Tinanoff N. Salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in patients before, during and after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:35–7.
- Forsberg CM, Brattström V, Malmberg E, Nord CE. Ligature wires and elastomeric rings: two methods of ligation, and their association with microbial colonization of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Eur J Orthod 1991; 13:416–20.
- Sakamaki ST, Bahn AN. Effect of orthodontic banding on localized oral lactobacilli. J Dent Res 1968;47:275–9.
- Eliades T, Eliades G, Brantley WA. Microbial attachment on orthodontic appliances: I. Wettability and early pellicle formation on bracket materials. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;108:351–60.
- Huang TH, Yen CC, Kao CT. Comparison of ion release from new and recycled orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120:68–75.
- Baswa VK, Shetty VS. Biodegradation of orthodontic application: an atomic absorption spectrometry assessment. J Indian Orthod Sci 1998;31:39–46.
- Gottschalk G. Bacterial metabolism. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985;1–306.
- Maruthamuthu S, Mohanan S, Rajasekar A, Muthukumar N, Ponmarippan S, Subramanian P et al. Role of corrosion inhibitor on bacterial corrosion in petroleum product pipelines. Indian J Chem Technol 2005;12:567–75.
- Maruthamuthu S, Rajasekar A, Sathiyanarayanan S, Muthukumar N, Palaniswamy N. Electrochemical behaviour of microbes on orthodontic wires. Current Science, 2005;89:988–96.
- Maijer R, Smith DC. Corrosion of orthodontic bracket bases. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1982;81:43–8.
- Peters KP, Heese A. Allergy to metals in dentistry. Presented at the annual meeting of the German Academy of Dentistry by the Dermatology Clinic of the University of Erlangen, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1995.
- Grimsdottir MR, Gjerdet NR, Hensten-Pettersen A. Composition and in vitro corrosion of the orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992;101: 525–32.
- Bondemark L, Kurol J, Wennberg A. Biocompatibility of new, clinically used, and recycled orthodontic samariumcobalt magnets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994; 105:568–74.
- Gjerdet NR. Biological aspects of orthodontic materials. In: Mjor IA eds. Dental materials: Biological properties and clinical evaluations, Boca Raton Fla CRC Press, 1980.
- House K, Sernetz F, Dymock D, Sandy JR, Ireland AJ. Corrosion of orthodontic appliances – should we care? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133:584–92.
- Schuster G, Reichle R, Bauer RR, Schopf PM. Allergies induced by orthodontic alloys: incidence and impact on treatment. J Orofac Orthop 2004;65:48–59.
- Degnan TF. Corrosion by hydrochloric acid. In: Davis JR, eds. American Society for Metals Handbook, 9th edn, Materials Park, Ohio, ASM International 1993;13.