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Genome-wide assessment of genetic diversity, population structure and selection signatures in Polish mountain sheep breeds using SNP microarrays* Cover

Genome-wide assessment of genetic diversity, population structure and selection signatures in Polish mountain sheep breeds using SNP microarrays*

Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

The origin of three mountain sheep breeds in Poland from the original Vlach Zackel (photos by W. Puchalski, M. Pasternak-Chorosz, A. Kawęcka)

Figure 2.

Map of the Polish Carpathians with the locations where the material was collected from the examined sheep

Figure 3.

Frequency distribution of the rarer allele for tested sheep

Figure 2.

Visualization of genetic differentiation based on PCA - A - PC1 vs. PC2 components for mountain sheep; B - PC1 vs. PC3 components for mountain sheep

Figure 5.

Di values in all analyzed autosomes of mountain sheep

Figure 6.

Genomic map of REHH probability values for all core haplotypes showing frequencies >0.25 for mountain sheep. The green dashed line indicates a REHH probability level of 0.05

Genetic variability indexes for the Mountain Sheep subpopulations

BreedMAFHOHEFISHWE P<0.05HWE P<0.01
PZ0.302 (±0.122)0.397 (±0.116)0.392 (±0.107)−0.01251696322
PMS0.297 (±0.124)0.391 (±0.119)0.386 (±0.110)−0.01222207479
CMS0.298 (±0.124)0.393 (±0.119)0.388 (±0.110)−0.01371790346
Mean to all breeds 0.2990.3940.389−0.01281898401

Average (above the diagonal) and weighted average (below the diagonal) FST distances among the studied breeds

BreedPZPMSCMS
PZ----.pdf"/>0.01423640.0197141
PMS0.014995------0.0236004
CMS0.02082610.0254135------

Effective population size (Ne) and 95% confidence interval of Ne for the studied sheep breeds

BreedNe95% CI down95% CI up
PZ94.292.795.7
PMS103101.3104.7
CMS64.663.865.4

Characteristics of haplotype cores for PZ, PMS and CMS

SpecificationPZPMSCMS
Number of haplotype cores 170819011963
Average haplotype core length (SD)89.4 (58.5) kbp 95.9 (127.2) kpz 96.3 (125.9) kpz
Number of REHH tests 133381481815752
Number of haplotypes more frequent than 0.25560663296501
Number of cores for which haplotype frequency >0.25 and P<0.05279326321
Number of unique haplotypes 210215216
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2026-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2300-8733 | Journal ISSN: 1642-3402
Language: English
Submitted on: Oct 27, 2025
Accepted on: Jan 5, 2026
Published on: Jun 4, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Anna Miksza-Cybulska, Aldona Kawęcka, Artur Gurgul, published by National Research Institute of Animal Production
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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