Tannic Acid in Liaoning Cashmere Goat Diets: Effects on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism, Rumen Fermentation and Blood Parameters

Item	Content %
Ingredients
corn	19.60
wheat bran	5.30
soybean meal	5.60
DDGS	1.40
NaCl	0.20
CaHPO₄	0.50
CaCO₃	0.50
premix¹	1.00
peanut seedling	39.50
corn stalks	16.50
oat grass	9.90
total	100
Nutrient levels
digestible energy (MJ/kg)²	10.20
ash	7.10
crude protein	11.37
ether extract	4.73
neutral detergent fiber	45.63
acid detergent fiber	28.07
calcium²	0.61
phosphorus²	0.31

1 Supplied per kilogram of diet: vitamin A 15000 IU; vitamin D₃ 5500 IU; vitamin E 110000 IU; Cu 200 mg; Fe 1600 mg; Mn 1100 mg; I 30 mg; Zn 1500 mg; Se 6 mg; Co 15 mg.

2 Digestible energy, calcium, and total phosphorus in the nutrient levels are calculated values, and the rest are measured values.

Table 2.

Effect of tannic acid on growth performance in Liaoning cashmere goats

0	2	4	8
IBW (kg)	23.25	24.08	24.06	23.80	0.27	0.676
FBW (kg)	24.35	26.23	25.64	25.27	0.36	0.283
BWG (kg)	1.10	2.15	1.58	1.47	0.22	0.406
ADG (g/d)	41.66	76.66	56.00	55.00	7.98	0.180
ADFI (g/d)	658.3	662.27	702.37	715.02	13.00	0.173
FCR	23.86	11.63	16.04	26.01	3.82	0.254

[i] IBW: initial body weight, FBW: final body weight, BWG: body weight gain, ADG: average daily gain, ADFI: average daily feed intake, FCR: feed conversion ratio, SEM: standard error of mean.

Table 3.

Effect of tannic acid on apparent digestibility (%) of nutrients in Liaoning cashmere goats

0	2	4	8
Dry matter	69.88	69.72	70.30	71.83	0.91	0.884
Ash	60.38	56.97	62.70	63.19	1.54	0.795
Crude protein	80.83 b	89.10 a	85.44 a	87.80 a	1.19	0.047
Ether extract	86.48 bc	93.90 a	91.54 ab	84.32 c	1.30	0.022
Neutral detergent fiber	56.79 b	64.66 a	63.96 ab	67.65 a	1.44	0.046
Acid detergent fiber	51.47	53.54	52.40	57.78	1.53	0.564

a, b, c – different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

SEM: standard error of mean.

Table 4.

Effect of tannic acid on nitrogen metabolism in Liaoning cashmere goats

0	2	4	8
Nitrogen intake (g/d)	96.74	98.51	102.72	104.63	1.47	0.202
Nitrogen excreted (g/d)
feces	17.29	16.49	18.39	18.24	0.94	0.922
urine	54.55 a	48.20 ab	40.67 b	39.29 b	2.27	0.021
Nitrogen deposition (g/d)	24.88 b	33.81 a	43.65 a	47.08 a	3.16	0.020
Nitrogen deposition rate (%)	25.72 b	34.32 ab	42.26 a	44.99 a	2.81	0.025
UUN (mmol/L)	582.13 a	518.87 ab	501.64 ab	421.38 b	21.68	0.043

a, b – different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

UUN: urinary urea nitrogen, SEM: standard error of mean.

Table 5.

Effect of tannic acid on ruminal fermentation in Liaoning cashmere goats

0	2	4	8
pH	6.89	6.92	7.05	6.98	0.02	0.247
Total VFA (mmol/L)	71.17	71.01	85.74	81.57	3.16	0.239
Individual VFA (mmol/L)
acetic acid	52.30	51.49	59.33	57.02	2.15	0.540
propionic acid	10.33 b	9.04 b	13.67 a	12.44 ab	0.66	0.045
butyric acid	6.33 b	6.59 ab	10.05 a	9.79 ab	0.65	0.048
isobutyric acid	0.49	0.98	0.82	1.86	0.26	0.382
valeric acid	0.41 c	0.49 bc	0.78 a	0.71 ab	0.05	0.026
isovaleric acid	0.57	0.72	1.05	0.79	0.07	0.159
Ammonia nitrogen (mg/100 mL)	8.78	8.69	8.76	8.91	0.16	0.980
MCP (mg/mL)	12.84 b	23.09 ab	26.82 a	22.12 ab	1.96	0.036

a, b, c – different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

VFA: volatile fatty acids, SEM: standard error of mean, MCP: microbial crude proteins.

Table 6.

Effect of tannic acid on serum parameters in Liaoning cashmere goats

0	2	4	8
Serum protein
total protein (g/L)	65.06 b	74.56 a	72.73 a	66.02 b	1.59	0.047
albumin (g/L)	18.80 b	20.86 ab	23.67 a	19.87 b	0.68	0.040
Serum metabolites
creatinine (μmol/L)	73.41 c	77.88 bc	106.14 a	87.75 b	4.16	0.002
blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	7.35	6.34	6.93	6.20	0.34	0.683
uric acid (μmol/L)	2.27	2.51	0.81	0.57	0.36	0.113
glucose (mmol/L)	3.19	2.44	2.81	2.93	0.13	0.297
Enzymes (U/L)
aspartate aminotransferase	83.53	90.09	89.14	92.28	3.73	0.898
alanine aminotransferase	20.74	26.63	30.70	25.81	1.51	0.119

a, b, c – different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

SEM: standard error of mean.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2025-0077 | Journal eISSN: 2300-8733 (formerly 1642-3402) | Journal ISSN: 1642-3402

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Language: English

Page range: 621 - 628

Submitted on: Sep 17, 2024

Accepted on: Jun 27, 2025

Published on: Apr 15, 2026

Published by: National Research Institute of Animal Production

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

tannic acid,

Liaoning cashmere goat,

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© 2026 Kun Wang, Zhenxin Li, Meinan Ji, Zixuan Tie, Shugui Zheng, Kai Yang, Yabo Sun, published by National Research Institute of Animal Production
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 26 (2026): Issue 2 (April 2026)