References
- AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Edition, Association of Officiating Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, Method 935.14 and 992.24.
- Berry N.R., Jewell P.L., Sutter F., Edwards P.J., Kreuzer M. (2002). Selection, intake and excretion of nutrients by Scottish Highland suckler beef cows and calves, and Brown Swiss dairy cows in contrasting Alpine grazing systems. J. Agric. Sci., 139: 437–453.
- Borys B., Rozwadowska M. (2010). Szkockie bydło górskie w Polsce – piękno i użyteczność (in Polish). Wiad. Zoot., XLVIII (4): 116–122.
- Delagarde R., Peyraud J.L., Delaby L., Faverdin P. (2000). Vertical distribution of biomass, chemical composition and pepsin-cellulase digestibility in a perennial ryegrass sward: Interaction with month of year, regrowth age and time of day. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 84: 49–68.
- Fanchone A., Nozière P., Portelli J., Duriot B., Largeau V., Doreau M. (2013). Effects of nitrogen underfeeding and energy source on nitrogen ruminal metabolism, digestion, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci., 91: 895–906.
- Guyader J., Janzen H.H., Kroebel R., Beauchemin K.A. (2016). Production, management, and environment symposium: forage use to improve environmental sustainability of ruminant production. J. Anim. Sci., 94: 3147–3158.
- Hannaway D.B., Evers G.W., Fales S.L., Hall M.H., Fransen S.C., Ball D.M., John-son S.W., Jacob I.H., Chaney M., Lane W., Young IIIW.C. (1997). Perennial ryegrass for forage in the USA. In: Ecology, production, and management of Lolium for forage in the USA, Rouquette Jr. F.M., Nelson L.R. (eds). Vol. 24. Crop Science Society of America, Madison, USA, pp. 101–122.
- Hoekstra N.J., Struik P.C., Lantinga E.A., Schulte R.P.O. (2007). Chemical composition of lamina and sheath of Lolium perenne as affected by herbage management. NJAS Wageningen J. Life Sci., 55: 55–73.
- Jankowska-Huflejt H. (2016). The need of protecting permanent grasslands as a premise for the development of organic meadow farms. J. Res. Applic. Agric. Eng., 61: 186–192.
- Keady T.W.J., Hanrahan J.P. (2015). Effects of shearing, forage type and feed value, concentrate feed level, and protein concentration on the performance of housed finishing lambs. J. Anim. Sci., 93: 306–318.
- Klapp E. (1965). Grünlandvegetation und Standort. Berlin – Hamburg: P. Parey, 620 pp.
- Lee M.R.F., Jones E.L., Moorby J.M., Humphreys M.O., Theodorou M.K., Macrae J.C., Scollan N.D. (2001). Production responses from lambs grazing on Lolium perenne selected for elevated water-soluble carbohydrate concentration. Anim. Res., 50: 441–449.
- Mc Donald P., Edwards R.A., Greenhalgh J.F.D., Morgan C.A. (1995). Grass and forage crops. Anim. Nutr., Longman Group Limited, Harlow, UK, pp. 434–450.
- Miller L.A., Moorby J.M., Davies D.R., Humphreys M.O., Scollan N.D., Macrae J.C., Theodorou M.K. (2001). Increased concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.): milk production from late-lactation dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci., 56: 383–394.
- Pauler M., Isselstein J., Braunbeck T., Schneider M.K. (2019). Influence of Highland and production-oriented cattle breeds on pasture vegetation: A pairwise assessment across broad environmental gradients. Agric. Ecos. Envir., 284: 106585.
- Przysucha T., Grodzki H., Gołębiewski M., Slósarz J., Piotrowski T. (2013 a). Characteristic of Scottish Highland Cattle. Med. Weter., 69: 279–282.
- Przysucha T., Grodzki H., Gołębiewski M., Slósarz J. (2013 b). Evaluation of the performance of Scottish Highland beef cattle in Poland. Med. Weter., 69: 252–254.
- Ramos S., Tejido M.L., Martínez M.E., Ranilla M.J., Carro M.D. (2009). Microbial protein synthesis, ruminal digestion, microbial populations, and nitrogen balance in sheep fed diets varying in forage-to-concentrate ratio and type of forage. J. Anim. Sci., 87: 2924–2934.
- Rearte D.H. (2005). New insights into the nutritional value of grass. In: Utilisation of Grazed Grass in Temperate Animal Systems, J.J. Murphy (ed). Proc. Satellite Workshop of the 20th International Grassland Congress, 26.06–1.07.2005, Dublin. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp. 49–59.
- Shapiro S.S., Wilk M.B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52: 591–611.
- Taweel H.Z., Tas B.M., Smit H.J., Elgersma A., Dijkstra J., Tamminga S. (2004). Grazing behaviour, intake, rumen function and performance of dairy cows offered Lolium perenne containing different levels of water-soluble carbohydrates. In: Perennial Ryegrass for Dairy Cows: Grazing Behaviour, Intake, Rumen Function and Performance, pp. 67–82.
- Van Vuuren A.M., Tamminga S., Ketelaar R.S. (1991). In sacco degradation of organic matter and crude protein of fresh grass (Lolium perenne) in the rumen of grazing dairy cows. J. Agric. Sci., 116: 429–436.