Effect of Saponaria Officinalis L. Or Panax Ginseng C.A Meyer Triterpenoid Saponins on Ruminal Fermentation in Vitro / Wpływ Saponin Triterpenowych Saponaria Officinalis L. Lub Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer Na Przemiany Zachodzące W Żwaczu W Warunkach In Vitro

Szczechowiak, Joanna; Szumacher-Strabel, Małgorzata; Stochmal, Anna; Nadolna, Magdalena; Pers-Kamczyc, Emilia; Nowak, Agnieszka; Kowalczyk, Mariusz; Cieślak, Adam

doi:10.2478/aoas-2013-0055

Abstract

This study examined the potential effects of Saponaria officinalis (SO) or Panax ginseng (PG) saponins supplemented to diets differing in the proportion of forage to concentrate on rumen microbial fermentation and methane production in vitro. Two experiments were carried out using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). In the first experiment the substrate was comprised of a mixture of meadow hay and corn meal in a ratio of 60:40 dry matter (DM; high forage diet; HF). In the second experiment low forage diet (LF) consisting of meadow hay and corn meal in the ratio of 40:60 DM was used. Diets were supplemented with dried roots of SO or PG to provide 1% of triterpenoid saponins in dietary dry matter. All triterpenoid sources significantly (P≤0.05) decreased number of protozoa, by 50% and 72% respectively when HF diet was analysed (first experiment). There were no changes in methane production. In the second experiment (LF), the potential to mitigate methane production was reported for both SO and PG addition, however only in PG a decrease in the protozoal population was detected. Supplementation of plants rich in triterpenoid saponins has been identified as a diet dependent potential factor which has an important role in modulation of rumen fermentation processes. However, further studies are needed to evaluate their effect in animal production.

References

Agarwal N., Kamra D.N., Chaudhary L.C., Patra A.K. (2006). Effect of Sapindus mukorossi extracts on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics in buffalo rumen liquor. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 30: 1-4.
Search in Google Scholar
A O A C (2007). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Edition. Gaithersburg Maryland, USA, Editors W. Horwitz and W. Latimer.
Search in Google Scholar
Cieślak A., Zmora P., Pers - Kamczyc E., Szumacher- Strabel M. (2012). Effects of tannins source (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) on rumen microbial fermentation in vivo. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 176: 102-106.
Search in Google Scholar
Cieślak A., Szumacher- Strabel M., Szymankiewicz E., Piękniewski M., Oleszak P., Siwiński Ł., Potkański A. (2006). Coconut oil reduces protozoa count and methane release during fermentation ina RUSITECsystem. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 15: Suppl. 1: 19-22.
Search in Google Scholar
Cozzi G., Burato G.M., Berzaghi P., Andrighetto I. (2002). Evaluation of pellets from different industrial processing of dehydrated lucerne in dairy cattle feeding. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 99: 13−24.
Search in Google Scholar
Czerkawski J.W., Breckenridge G. (1977). Design and development ofalong-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Br. J. Nutr., 38: 371-384.
Search in Google Scholar
Ericsson M., Hanstorp D., Hagberg P., Enger J., Nystrom T. (2000). Sorting out bacterial viability with optical tweezers. J. Bacteriol., 182: 5551-5555.
Search in Google Scholar
Eryavuz A., Dehority B.A. (2004). Effect of Yucca schidigera extract on the microorganisms in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 117: 215-222.
Search in Google Scholar
Francis G., Kerem Z., Makkar H.P.S., Becker K. (2002). The biological action of saponins in animal systems: reviews. Br. J. Nutr., 88: 587-605.
Search in Google Scholar
Goel G., Makkar H.P.S., Becker K. (2008). Effects of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage- and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 147: 72-89.
Search in Google Scholar
Hamed A., Janda B., Mahalel U., Stochmal A., Oleszek W. (2012). Profiles of steroidal saponins from the aerial parts of Tribulus pentandrus, T. megistopterus subsp. pterocarpus and T. parvispinus by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Phytochem. Anal., 23 (6): 613-621.
Search in Google Scholar
Hu W-L., Liu J-X., Ye J-A., Wu Y-M., Guo Y-Q. (2005 a). Effect of tea saponin on rumen fermentation in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 120: 333-339.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.029
Search in Google Scholar
Hu W-L., Wu Y-M., Liu J-X., Guo Y-Q., Ye J-A. (2005 b). Tea saponins affect in vitro fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci., 8: 787-792.10.1631/jzus.2005.B0787138986016052712
Search in Google Scholar
Lila Z.A., Mohammed N., Kanda S., Kamada T., Itabashi H. (2003). Effect of sarsaponin on ruminal fermentation with particular reference to methane production in vitro. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 3330-3336.
Search in Google Scholar
Makkar H.P.S., Francis G., Becker K. (2007). Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesserknown plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems. Animal, 1: 1371-1391.
Search in Google Scholar
Mao H.L., Wang J.K., Zhou Y.Y., Liu J.X. (2010). Effects of addition of tea saponins and soybean oil on methane production, fermentation and microbial population in the rumen of growing lambs. Livest. Sci., 129: 56-62.
Search in Google Scholar
Mc Dougall E.I. (1948). Studies on ruminant saliva. I. The composition and output of sheep’s saliva. Biochem. J., 43: 99-109.
Search in Google Scholar
Menke K.H., Raab L., Salewski A., Steingass H., Fritz D., Schneider W. (1979). The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J. Agric. Sci. Camb., 92: 217-222.
Search in Google Scholar
Michalowski T., Harmeyer H., Breves G. (1986). The passage of protozoa from the reticulorumen through the omasum of sheep. Br. J. Nutr., 65: 625-634.
Search in Google Scholar
Nasri S., Ben Salem H., Vasta V., Abidi S., Makkar H.P.S., Priolo A. (2011). Effect of increasing levels of Quillaja saponaria on digestion, growth and meat quality of Barbarine lamb. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 164: 71-78.
Search in Google Scholar
Patra A.K., Saxena J. (2009). The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutr. Res. Rev., 22: 204-219.
Search in Google Scholar
SAS ® (2006) SAS/STAD User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC.
Search in Google Scholar
Sparg S.G, Ligot M.E,van Staden J. (2004). Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. J. Ethnopharmacol., 94: 219-243.
Search in Google Scholar
Szumacher- Strabel M., Cieślak A. (2012). Dietary possibilities to mitigate rumen methane and ammonia production, greenhouse gases - capturing, utilization and reduction, ISBN: 978-953-51-0192-5, In Tech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/greenhouse-gases-capturing- utilization-and-reduction/dietary-possibilities-to-mitigate-rumen-methane-and-ammonia-production.
Search in Google Scholar
Szumacher- Strabel M., Cieślak A. (2010). Potential of phytofactors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 19 (3): 319-337.
Search in Google Scholar
Szumacher- Strabel M., Potkański A., Kowalczyk J., Cieślak A., Czauder- na M., Gubała A., Jędroszkowiak P. (2002). The influence of supplemental fat on rumen volatile fatty acid profile, ammonia and p Hlevel in sheep fed standard diet. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 11: 577-587.
Search in Google Scholar
Tangerman A., Nagengast F.M. (1996). Agas chromatographic analysis of fecal short-chain fatty acids, using the direct injection method. Anal. Biochem., 236: 1-8.
Search in Google Scholar
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B., Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597.
Search in Google Scholar
Wallace R.J. (2004). Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 63: 621-629.
Search in Google Scholar
Wallace R.J., Mc Ewan N.R., Mc Intosh F.M., Teferedegne B., Newbold C.J. (2002). Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 15: 1458-1468.
Search in Google Scholar
Wallace R.J., Arthaud L., Newbold C.J. (1994). Influence of Yucca-schidigera extract on ruminal ammonia concentrations and ruminal microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60: 1762-1767.
Search in Google Scholar
Wang Y.X., Mc Allister T.A., Yanke L.J., Xu Z.J., Cheeke P.R., Cheng K.J. (2000). In vitro effects of steroidal saponins from Yucca schidigera extract on rumen microbial protein synthesis and ruminal fermentation. J. Sci. Food Agric., 80: 2114-2122.
Search in Google Scholar
Williams A.G., Coleman G.S. (1992). Editors. The Rumen Protozoa. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA.10.1007/978-1-4612-2776-2
Search in Google Scholar
Wolin M.J. (1960). Atheoretical rumen fermentation balance. J. Dairy Sci., 43: 1452.
Search in Google Scholar
Zmora P., Cieślak A., Jedrejek D., Stochmal A., Pers - Kamczyc E., Oleszek W., Nowak A., Szczechowiak J., Lechniak D., Szumacher- Strabel M. (2012). Preliminary in vitro study on the effect of xanthohumol on rumen methanogenesis. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 66 (1): 66-71.
Search in Google Scholar

Effect of Saponaria Officinalis L. Or Panax Ginseng C.A Meyer Triterpenoid Saponins on Ruminal Fermentation in Vitro / Wpływ Saponin Triterpenowych Saponaria Officinalis L. Lub Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer Na Przemiany Zachodzące W Żwaczu W Warunkach In Vitro

Abstract

Paradigm

My account