References
- Topada A, Abram Z, Zepca V. New technologies in reducing smoking of electronic cigarettes - literature review. Acta Medica Marisiensis. 2016;62:22-22.
- World Health Organization. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 89: Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines. Lyon (France): World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2007. Available at https://monographs.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono89.pdf
- World Health Organization. WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking 2000-2025, 2nd ed. World Health Organization, 2018. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272694.
- U.S. National Cancer Institute and World Health Organization. The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control. National Cancer Institute Tobacco Control Monograph 21. NIH Publication No. 16-CA-8029A. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; and Geneva, CH: World Health Organization; 2016. Available at http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/21/index.html.
- Cullen KA, Ambrose BK, Gentzke AS, Apelberg BJ, Jamal A, King BA. Notes from the Field: Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Any Tobacco Product Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2011–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:1276–1277.10.15585/mmwr.mm6745a5629080730439875
- Singh T, Arrazola RA, Corey CG et al. Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students--United States, 2011-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(14):361-7.10.15585/mmwr.mm6514a127077789
- Goniewicz ML, Gawron M, Nadolska J, Balwicki L, Sobczak A. Rise in electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Poland. J Adolesc Health. 2014;55(5):713-715.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.07.01525344033
- Green MJ, Stritzel H, Smith C, Popham F, Crosnoe R. Timing of poverty in childhood and adolescent health: Evidence from the US and UK. Soc Sci Med. 2018;197:136-143.10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.004577782829232621
- Sapru S, Vardhan M, Li Q, Guo Y, Li X, Saxena D. E-cigarettes use in the United States: reasons for use, perceptions, and effects on health. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1518.10.1186/s12889-020-09572-x754593333032554
- Nădăşan V, Foley KL, Pénzes M et al. Use of electronic cigarettes and alternative tobacco products among Romanian adolescents. Int J Public Health. 2016;61(2):199-207.10.1007/s00038-015-0774-8480839126729271
- Pénzes M, Foley LK, Nădășan V, Paulik E, Ábrám Z, Urbán R. Bidirectional associations of e-cigarette, conventional cigarette and waterpipe experimentation among adolescents: A cross-lagged model. Addictive Behaviors. 2018;80:59-64.10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.010580715929355818
- Jenson TE. Psychosocial and Behavioral Risk Profiles of Cigarette Smokers and E-Cigarette Users Among Adolescents in Minnesota: The 2016 Minnesota Student Survey. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:180222.10.5888/pcd15.180222617889830264689
- Margolis KA, Nguyen AB, Slavit WI, King BA. E-cigarette curiosity among U.S. middle and high school students: Findings from the 2014 national youth tobacco survey. Prev Med. 2016;89:1-6.10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.001496911427155440
- Jamal A, Gentzke A, Hu SS et al. Tobacco use among middle and high school students – United States, 2011–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(23):597–603.10.15585/mmwr.mm6623a1565784528617771
- Gentzke AS, Wang B, Robinson JN, Phillips E, King BA. Curiosity About and Susceptibility Toward Hookah Smoking Among Middle and High School Students. Prev Chronic Dis. 2019;16:180288.10.5888/pcd16.180288634182230629485
- Jawad M, Cheeseman H, Brose SL. Waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence among young people in Great Britain, 2013–2016, European Journal of Public Health. 2018;28(3):548–552.10.1093/eurpub/ckx22329272388
- Filippidis FT, Jawad M, Vardavas CI. Trends and Correlates of Waterpipe use in the European Union: Analysis of Selected Eurobarometer Surveys (2009-2017). Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(4):469-474.10.1093/ntr/ntx25529145647
- World Health Organization. Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2013: Republic of Moldova, 2013. Available at https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/567/related-materials
- World Health Organization. Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2019: Republic of Moldova, 2019. Available at https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ncds/ncd-surveillance/data-reporting/republic-of-moldova/moldova-gyts-2019-factsheet-(ages-13-15)-final_508c.pdf?sfvrsn=ca9c28c9_1&download=true
- Ábrám Z, Nadasan V, Bálint J, Ferencz JL. Translation and adaptation of computer assisted smoking prevention program in Romania (ASPIRA) Acta Medica Transilv. 2015;3:14–16.
- Republic of Moldova - Ministry of Justice. Law of the Republic of Moldova no. 278 of 14.12.2007 on tobacco and tobacco products modification on 17.09.2015. Legea Republicii Moldova nr. 278 din 14.12.2007 privind controlul tutunului şi produselor din tutun, modificare la 17.09.2015. Available at https://www.legis.md/cautare/getResults?doc_id=85869&lang=ro#
- Kinnunen JM, Ollila H, Lindfors PL, Rimpelä AH. Changes in Electronic Cigarette Use from 2013 to 2015 and Reasons for Use among Finnish Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(11):1114.10.3390/ijerph13111114512932427834885
- European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP). ENSP guide for the treatment of tobacco addiction 2019. Avalaible at: http://elearning-ensp.eu/assets/guides/guidelines_2018_romanian.pdf
- Grana RA, Popova L, Ling PM. A longitudinal analysis of electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:812–813.10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.187412224624664434
- Shi Y, Pierce JP, White M et al. E-cigarette use and smoking reduction or cessation in the 2010/2011 TUS-CPS longitudinal cohort. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:110510.1186/s12889-016-3770-x507373327769302
- Summary results of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in selected countries of the WHO European Region. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/336752/WHO-EURO-2020-1513-41263-56157-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
- Hoffman SJ, Poirier MJP, Rogers Van Katwyk S, Baral P, Sritharan L. Impact of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control on global cigarette consumption: quasi-experimental evaluations using interrupted time series analysis and in-sample forecast event modelling. BMJ. 2019;365:l2287.10.1136/bmj.l2287658226631217191
- Hiilamo H, Glantz S. Limited implementation of the framework convention on tobacco control’s tobacco tax provision: global comparison. BMJ Open. 2018;8(10):e021340.10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021340616965530282678
- Rostron BL, Cheng YC, Gardner LD, Ambrose BK. Prevalence and Reasons for Use of Flavored Cigars and ENDS among US Youth and Adults: Estimates from Wave 4 of the PATH Study, 2016-2017. Am J Health Behav. 2020;44(1):76-81.10.5993/AJHB.44.1.8691845631783934
- Filippidis FT, Mechili EA, Girvalaki C, Vardavas C. Cost, prevalence and correlates of cigarillo use in 28 European countries in 2017. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2019;27(3):182-187.10.21101/cejph.a558331580551
- Singh T, Agaku IT, Arrazola RA et al. Exposure to Advertisements and Electronic Cigarette Use Among US Middle and High School Students. Pediatrics. 2016;137(5):e20154155.10.1542/peds.2015-415527244815
- Amrock SM, Zakhar J, Zhou S, Weitzman M. Perception of e-cigarette harm and its correlation with use among U.S. adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(3):330-336.10.1093/ntr/ntu156547951225125321
- Russell C, Katsampouris E, Mckeganey N. Harm and Addiction Perceptions of the JUUL E-Cigarette Among Adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(5):713-721.10.1093/ntr/ntz183717126931556452
- Piñeiro B, Correa JB, Simmons VN et al. Gender differences in use and expectancies of e-cigarettes: Online survey results. Addict Behav. 2016;52:91-9710.1016/j.addbeh.2015.09.006464448826406973
- Waldron I, Lye D, Brandon A. Gender differences in teenage smoking. Women Health. 1991;17(2):65-90.10.1300/J013v17n02_041871990
- Christophi CA, Kolokotroni O, Alpert HR et al. Prevalence and social environment of cigarette smoking in Cyprus youth. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:190.10.1186/1471-2458-8-190243511818518947
- Cui Y, Zhu Q, Lou C et al. Gender differences in cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking among adolescents and young adults in Hanoi, Shanghai, and Taipei. Journal of International Medical Research. 2018:5257-5268.10.1177/0300060518807292630093930442048
- Higgins ST, Kurti AN, Redner R et al. A literature review on prevalence of gender differences and intersections with other vulnerabilities to tobacco use in the United States, 2004-2014. Prev Med. 2015;80:89-100.10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.06.009459240426123717
- Jamal A, King BA, Neff LJ, Whitmill J, Babb SD, Graffunder CM. Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults—United States, 2005-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(44):1205-1211.10.15585/mmwr.mm6544a227832052
- Sieminska A, Jassem E. The many faces of tobacco use among women. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. 2014;20:153-162.
- Leventhal AM, Strong DR, Kirkpatrick MG et al. Association of electronic cigarette use with initiation of combustible tobacco product smoking in early adolescence. JAMA. 2015;314:700–707.10.1001/jama.2015.8950477117926284721
- Babineau K, Taylor K, Clancy L. Electronic Cigarette Use among Irish Youth: A Cross Sectional Study of Prevalence and Associated Factors. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0126419.10.1371/journal.pone.0126419444603126018542
- Hughes K, Bellis MA, Hardcastle KA et al. Associations between e-cigarette access and smoking and drinking behaviours in teenagers. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:244.10.1186/s12889-015-1618-4437974625886064
- Porter L, Duke J, Hennon M et al. Electronic Cigarette and Traditional Cigarette Use among Middle and High School Students in Florida, 2011–2014. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0124385.10.1371/journal.pone.0124385443022625969979
- Rodu B, Godshall WT. Tobacco harm reduction: an alternative cessation strategy for inveterate smokers. Harm Reduct J. 2006;3(37):1–23.
- Sterling KL, Fryer CS, Majeed B et al. Promotion of waterpipe tobacco use, its variants and accessories in young adult newspapers: A content analysis of message portrayal. Health Educ Res. 2015;30(1):152–161.10.1093/her/cyu035429688624957675
- Pokhrel P, Fagan P, Kehl L, Herzog TA. Receptivity to e-cigarette marketing, harm perceptions, and e-cigarette use. Am J Health Behav. 2015;39(1):121–131.10.5993/AJHB.39.1.13487717625290604
- Dai H, Hao J. Exposure to advertisements and susceptibility to electronic cigarette use among youth. J Adolesc Health. 2016;59(6):620–626.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.01327528472
- Kaleta D, Wojtysiak P, Polańska K. Use of electronic cigarettes among secondary and high school students from a socially disadvantaged rural area in Poland. BMC Public Health. 2016;15:703.10.1186/s12889-016-3417-y497305427488357
- Wang TW, Gentzke AS, Creamer MR et al. Tobacco Product Use and Associated Factors Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2019. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2019;68(12):1-22.10.15585/mmwr.ss6812a1690339631805035
- Lee YO, Hebert CJ, Nonnemaker JM, Kim AE. Youth tobacco product use in the United States. Pediatrics. 2015;135(3):409-415.10.1542/peds.2014-320225647680
- East K, Brose LS, McNeill A, Cheeseman H, Arnott D, Hitchman SC. Harm perceptions of electronic cigarettes and nicotine: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey of young people in Great Britain. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;192:257-263.10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.016620457630300799
- Porter L, Duke J, Hennon M et al. Electronic Cigarette and Traditional Cigarette Use among Middle and High School Students in Florida, 2011-2014. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0124385.10.1371/journal.pone.0124385443022625969979
- Bernat D, Gasquet N, Wilson KO, Porter L, Choi K. Electronic Cigarette Harm and Benefit Perceptions and Use Among Youth. Am J Prev Med. 2018;55(3):361-367.10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.043616807230031636
- Primack BA, Soneji S, Stoolmiller M, Fine MJ, Sargent JD. Progression to Traditional Cigarette Smoking After Electronic Cigarette Use Among US Adolescents and Young Adults. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(11):1018-1023.10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1742480074026348249
- Wills TA, Knight R, Williams RJ, Pagano I, Sargent JD. Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette use and tobacco use in adolescents. Pediatrics. 2015;135(1):e43–e51.10.1542/peds.2014-0760427906225511118
- Dutra LM, Glantz SA. Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(7):610–617.10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5488414211524604023
- de Lacy E, Fletcher A, Hewitt G, Murphy S, Moore G. Cross-sectional study examining the prevalence, correlates and sequencing of electronic cigarette and tobacco use among 11-16-year olds in schools in Wales. BMJ Open. 2017;7(2):e012784.10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012784529400028159848
- Czoli CD, Leatherdale ST, Rynard V: Bidi and Hookah use among Canadian youth: findings from the 2010 Canadian youth smoking survey. Prev Chronic Dis. 2013;10:120290.10.5888/pcd10.120290366421123660115
- Leatherdale ST, Rios P, Elton-Marshall T, Burkhalter R. Cigar, cigarillo, and little cigar use among Canadian youth: are we underestimating the magnitude of this problem? J Prim Prev. 2011;32:161–170.10.1007/s10935-011-0248-621809109
- Loukas A, Batanova MD, Velazquez CE et al. Who uses snus? A study of Texas adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012;14(5):626–630.10.1093/ntr/ntr20521908457