Serum Levels of Lipocalin-2/NGAL, Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1), and Interleukin-18 Are Not Related to Risk Predictions for Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes

Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, “Aleksandrovska” University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria

M. Nikolov

Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Oncological Diseases “Prof. M. Mushmov” – Sofia, Bulgaria

J. Hristova

Department of Clinical Laboratory and Drug Toxicity, Aleksandrovska University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria

D. Bakalov

Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, “Aleksandrovska” University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amb-2026-0068 | Journal eISSN: 2719-5384 (formerly 0324-1750) | Journal ISSN: 0324-1750

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 17 - 24

Submitted on: Mar 10, 2026

Accepted on: May 5, 2026

Published on: Sep 14, 2026

Published by: Medical University - Sofia

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

type 2 diabetes,

cardiovascular,

renal,

neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,

kidney injury molecule-1,

Interleukin-18

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Clinical medicine, other

© 2026 M. Boyanov, M. Nikolov, J. Hristova, D. Bakalov, published by Medical University - Sofia
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 53 (2026): Issue 3 (September 2026)