Autologous Conditioned Serum in the Therapy of Obesity-Related Knee Osteoarthritis
References
- Palazzo C, Nguyen C, Lefevre-Colau MM, et al. Risk factors and burden of osteoarthritis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 2016, 59(3): 134-138.
- Shumnalieva R, KotovG, MonovS. Obesity-Related Knee Osteoarthritis-Current Concepts. Life (Basel), 2023, 13(8): 1650.
- Bijlsma JW, Berenbaum F, Lafeber FP. Osteoarthritis: an update with relevance for clinical practice. Lancet, 2011, 377(9783):2115-2126.
- Leone R, de Rosa A, ludicone P, et al. Pain control and functional improvement in patients treated by autologous conditioned serum after failure of platelet-rich plasma treatments in knee osteoarthritis. Transfus Med, 2021,31(5):357-364.
- Ren JL, Yang J, Hu W. The global burden of osteoarthritis knee: a secondary data analysis of a population-based study. Clin Rheumatol, 2025, 44(4):1769-1810.
- Johnson VL, Hunter DJ. The epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 2014, 28(1):5-15.
- Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Smith E, et al. Global, regional and national burden of osteoarthritis 1990-2017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Ann Rheum Dis, 2020, 79(6):819-828.
- Cheng PG, Yang KD, Huang LG, et al. Comparisons of cytokines, growth factors, and clinical efficacy between platelet-rich plasma and autologous conditioned serum for knee osteoarthritis management. Biomolecules, 2023,13(3):555.
- D’Gasper D, Bains BS, Sadeghi H, et al. Comparing exercise prescription methods in knee osteoarthritis patients in Malaysia. Acta Medica Bulg, 2018, 45(1):26-31.
- Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2019,27:1578-1589.
- Vassileva D, Nedelcheva I, Mindova S, et al. The influence of gait patterns with aids on the patient’s recovery in the early period following total knee replacement. Acta Medica Bulg, 2019, 46(2):36-40.
- Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the management of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2020, 72(2):149-162.
- Chen L, Zheng JJY, Li G, et al. Pathogenesis and clinical management of obesity-related knee osteoarthritis: Impact of mechanical loading. J Orthop Translat, 2020, 24:66-75.
- Raud B, Gay C, Guiguet-Auclair C, et al. The level of obesity is directly associated with the clinical and functional consequences of knee osteoarthritis. Sci Rep, 2020,10(1):3601.
- Pan F, Tian J, Cicuttini F, et al. Metabolic syndrome and trajectory of knee pain in older adults. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2020, 28(1):45-52.
- Xiong J, Long J, Chen X, et al. Dyslipidemia might be associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis. Biomed Res Int, 2020, 2020:3105248.
- Conrozier T. How to treat osteoarthritis in obese patients? Curr Rheumatol Rev, 2020,16(2):99-104.
- Shumnalieva R, Kotov G, Ermencheva P, et al. Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obesity-related knee osteoarthritis. Biomedicines, 2023,12(1):9.
- Khurana A, Goyal A, Kirubakaran P, et al. Efficacy of autologous conditioned serum (ACS), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), hyaluronic Acid (HA), and steroid for eariy osteoarthritis knee: a comparative analysis. Indian J Orthop, 2020, 55(Suppl 1):217-227.
- Sundman EA, Cole BJ, Karas V, et al. The anti-inflammatory and matrix restorative mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(1):35-41.
- Navani A, Li G, Chrystal J. Platelet-rich plasma in musculo-skeletal pathology: a necessary rescue or a lost cause? Pain Physician, 2017, 20(3):E345-E356.
- Pachito OV, Latorraca COC, Riera R. Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma for non-transfusion use: Overview of systematic reviews. Int J Clin Pract, 2019, 73(11):e13402.
- Zhao J, Huang H, Liang G, et al. Effects and safety of the combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2020, 21(1):224.
- Baltzer AW, Moser C, Jansen SA, et al. Autologous conditioned serum (Orthokine) is an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2009,17(2):152-60.
- Vitali M, Ometti M, Drossinos A, et al. Autologous conditioned serum: clinical and functional results using a novel disease modifying agent for the management of knee osteoarthritis. J Drug Assess, 2020, 9(1):43-51.
- Sobieh BH, El-Mesallamy HO, Kassem DH. Beyond mechanical loading: The metabolic contribution of obesity in osteoarthritis unveils novel therapeutic targets. Heliyon, 2023,9(5):e15700.
- Darabos N, Haspl M, Moser C, et al. Intraarticular application of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) reduces bone tunnel widening after ACL reconstructive surgery in a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2011, 19(Suppl 1):S36-46.
- Du X, Liu ZY, Tao XX, et al. Research progress on the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. Orthop Surg, 2023,15(9):2213-2224.
- Frizziero A, Giannotti E, Oliva F, et al. Autologous conditioned serum for the treatment of osteoarthritis and other possible applications in musculoskeletal disorders. Br Med Bull, 2013,105:169-84.
- Auw Yang KG, Raijmakers NJ, van Arkel ER, et al. Autologous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist improves function and symptoms in osteoarthritis when compared to placebo in a prospective randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2008, 16(4):498-505.
- Shirokova L, Noskov S, Gorokhova V, et al. Intra-articular injections of a whole blood clot secretome, autologous conditioned serum, have superior clinical and biochemical efficacy over platelet-rich plasma and induce rejuvenation-associated changes of joint metabolism: a prospective, controlled open- label clinical study in chronic knee osteoarthritis. Rejuvenation Res, 2020, 23(5):401-410.
- Lv Z, Yang YX, Li J, et al. Molecular classification of knee osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2021,9:725568.
- Li L, Li Z, Li Y, et al. Profiling of inflammatory mediators in the synovial fluid related to pain in knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2020, 21(1):99.
- Nikolova-Shopova S, AleksievA, ZaralievaA. Ultrasound, interference current, and exercise for recurrent knee pain due to osteoarthritis. Int J Adv Res, 2021,9(5):647-653.
Language: English
Page range: 29 - 35
Submitted on: Dec 19, 2025
Accepted on: Jan 5, 2026
Published on: Jun 16, 2026
Published by: Medical University - Sofia
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 G. Kotov, P. Ermencheva, R. Shumnalieva, G. P. Georgiev, A. Zaralieva, S. Monov, published by Medical University - Sofia
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.