Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Correlation of Laboratory Markers with Thrombotic Burden Assessed by Qanadli Score in Acute Pulmonary Embolism Cover

Correlation of Laboratory Markers with Thrombotic Burden Assessed by Qanadli Score in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Open Access
|Mar 2026

References

  1. Wendelboe AM, Raskob GE. Global burden of thrombosis: epidemiologic aspects. Circ Res, 2016, 118(9):1340-7.
  2. Masotti L, Antonelli F, Venturini E, et al. Cardiac troponin I and plasma D-dimer are related to proximal and bilateral extension of clots and right cardiac dysfunction in patients with pulmonary embolism. J Intern Med, 2007, 262(5):588-9.
  3. Masotti L, Ceccarelli E, Cappelli R, et al. Arterial blood gas analysis and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient in diagnosis and prognosis of elderly patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. J Gerontol. A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2000, 55(12): M761-4.
  4. Masotti L, Righini M, Vuilleumier N, et al. Prognostic stratification of acute pulmonary embolism: focus on clinical aspects, imaging, and biomarkers. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 2009, 5(4):567-75.
  5. Glazier CR, Baciewicz FA Jr. Epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism. Int J Angiol, 2024, 33(2):76-81.
  6. Konstantinides S, Geibel A, Olschewski M, et al. Importance of cardiac troponins I and T in risk stratification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation, 2002, 106(10):1263-8.
  7. Konstantinides SV, Meyer G. The 2019 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J, 2019, 40(42):3453-3455.
  8. Zantonelli G, Cozzi D, Bindi A, et al. Acute pulmonary embolism: prognostic role of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Tomography, 2022, 8(1):529-539.
  9. Cozzi D, Moroni C, Cavigli E, et al. Prognostic value of CT pulmonary angiography parameters in acute pulmonary embolism. Radiol Med, 2021, 126(8):1030-1036.
  10. Aviram G, Steinvil A, Berliner S, et al. The association between the embolic load and atrial size in acute pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost, 2011, 9(2):293-9.
  11. Wu AS, Pezzullo JA, Cronan JJ, et al. CT pulmonary angiography: quantification of pulmonary embolus as a predictor of patient outcome-initial experience. Radiology, 2004, 230(3):831-5.
  12. Rotzinger DC, Knebel JF, Jouannic AM, et al. CT Pulmonary angiography for risk stratification of patients with nonmassive acute pulmonary embolism. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging, 2020, 2(4):e190188.
  13. Apfaltrer P, Henzler T, Meyer M, et al. Correlation of CT angiographic pulmonary artery obstruction scores with right ventricular dysfunction and clinical outcome in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(10):2867-71.
  14. Jiménez D, Aujesky D, Moores L, et al. RIETE Investigators. Simplification of the pulmonary embolism severity index for prognostication in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med, 2010, 170(15):1383-9.
  15. Chen JH, Zhai ET, Yuan YJ, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index for predicting prognosis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(34):6261–6272.
  16. Gunter CA. Respiratory function of the lungs and blood. In: Gunter CA, Welch MH, eds. Pulmonary Medicine, 2nd. Ed, Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1982, 168.
  17. Qanadli SD, El Hajjam M, Vieillard-Baron A, et al. New CT index to quantify arterial obstruction in pulmonary embolism: comparison with angiographic index and echocardiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2001, 176(6):1415-20.
  18. Fernández López-Peláez MS, Zabía Galíndez E, et al. Assessment of severity and prognosis in patients with pulmonary embolism according to clot load score on MDCT pulmonary angiography. ECR 2018/C-0890. 10.1594/ecr2018/C-0890.
  19. Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, et al. PIOPED II Investigators. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med, 2006, 354(22):2317-27.
  20. Xi L, Xu F, Kang H, et al. Clot ratio, new clot burden score with deep learning, correlates with the risk stratification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2024, 14(1):86-97.
  21. Irmak I, Sertçelik Ü, Öncel A, et al. Correlation of thrombosed vessel location and clot burden score with severity of disease and risk stratification in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Anatol J Cardiol, 2020, 24(4):247-253.
  22. Higazi MM, Fattah RARA, Abdelghany EA, et al. Enjcacy of computed tomography pulmonary angiography as non-invasive imaging biomarker for risk stratification of acute pulmonary embolism. J Clin Imaging Sci, 2020, 10:49.
  23. Huang WM, Wu WJ, Yang SH, et al. Quantitative volumetric computed tomography embolic analysis, the Qanadli score, biomarkers, and clinical prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Sci Rep, 2022, 12(1):7620.
  24. Gharepapagh E, Rahimi F, Koohi A, et al. Clot burden as a predictor of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism: a cohort study. Thorac Res Pract, 2023, 24(5):276-281.
  25. van der Meer RW, Pattynama PM, van Strijen MJ, et al. Right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary obstruction index at helical CT: prediction of clinical outcome during 3-month follow-up in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Radiology, 2005, 235(3):798-803.
  26. Bach AG, Nansalmaa B, Kranz J, et al. CT pulmonary angi-ography findings that predict 30-day mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Eur J Radiol, 2015, 84(2):332-7.
  27. Subramaniam RM, Mandrekar J, Chang C, et al. Pulmonary embolism outcome: a prospective evaluation of CT pulmonary angiographic clot burden score and ECG score. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2008, 190(6):1599-604.
  28. Lüthi-Corridori G, Giezendanner S, Kueng C, et al. Risk factors for hospital outcomes in pulmonary embolism: A retrospective cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne), 2023, 10:1120977.
  29. Giannitsis E, Müller-Bardorff M, Kurowski V, et al. Independent prognostic value of cardiac troponin T in patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism. Circulation, 2000, 102(2):211-7.
  30. Becattini C, Vedovati MC, Agnelli G. Prognostic value of troponins in acute pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Circulation, 2007, 116(4):427-33.
  31. Becattini C, Lignani A, Masotti L, et al. D-dimer for risk stratification in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2012, 33(1):48-57.
  32. Huang CM, Lin YC, Lin YJ, et al. Risk stratification and clinical outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Clin Biochem, 2011, 44(13):1110-1115.
  33. Grau E, Tenías JM, Soto MJ, et al; RIETE Investigators. D-dimer levels correlate with mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: Findings from the RIETE registry. Crit Care Med, 2007, 35(8):1937-41.
  34. Klok FA, Mos IC, Huisman MV. Brain-type natriuretic peptide levels in the prediction of adverse outcome in patients with pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008, 178(4):425-30.
  35. Özdemir L, Özdemir B, Gegin S, et al. Can systemic inflammatory markers be used in pulmonary embolism risk assessment in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism? J Inflamm Res, 2025, 18:5969-5977.
  36. Siddiqui F, Tafur A, Hussain M, et al. RIETE Investigators. The prognostic value of blood cellular indices in pulmonary embolism. Am J Hematol, 2024, 99(9):1704-1711.
  37. Gok M, Kurtul A. A novel marker for predicting the severity of acute pulmonary embolism: systemic immune-inflammation index. Scand Cardiovasc J, 2021, 55(2):91–96.
  38. Abul Y, Karakurt S, Ozben B, et al. C-reactive protein in acute pulmonary embolism. J Investig Med, 2011, 59(1):8-14.
  39. Omar AOM, Ahmed YAY, Elfadl, AEAA, et al. Prognostic value of laboratory markers in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Egypt J Bronchol, 2024, 18:47.
  40. Bova C, Pesavento R, Marchiori A, et al. TELESIO Study Group. Risk stratification and outcomes in hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a prospective, multicentre, cohort study with three months of follow-up. J Thromb Haemost, 2009, 7(6):938-44.
  41. Hsu JT, Chu CM, Chang ST, et al. Prognostic role of alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference in acute pulmonary embolism. Circ J, 2006, 70(12):1611-6.
  42. Rodrigues AC, Guimaraes L, Guimaraes JF, et al. Relationship of clot burden and echocardiographic severity of right ventricular dysfunction after acute pulmonary embolism. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2015, 31(3):509-15.
  43. Abdelwahab HW, Arafa S, Bondok K, et al. Relationship between clot burden in pulmonary computed tomography angiography and different parameters of right cardiac dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism. Cardiovasc J Afr, 2020, 31(1):21-24.
  44. Cildag MB, Cildag S. Correlation between clot load burden with neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Ulutas Med J, 2017, 3(1):13-19.
  45. Hajsadeghi S, Shamsedini A, Bahadoran P, et al. Comparison of Qanadli score with conventional risk stratifiers in non-massive pulmonary emboli. J Int Med Res, 2024, 52(9):3000605241276481.
  46. Etli M, Karahan O, Serhatlıoglu F, et al. Evaluation of the predictive role of standard laboratory tests for disease severity in patients with deep venous thrombosis. Acta Angiol, 2022, 28(1):16–21.
  47. De Monyé W, Sanson BJ, Mac Gillavry MR, et al. ANTELOPE-Study Group. Embolus location affects the sensitivity of a rapid quantitative D-dimer assay in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2002, 165(3):345-8.
  48. Ghanima W, Abdelnoor M, Holmen LO, et al. D-dimer level is associated with the extent of pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res, 2007, 120(2):281-8.
  49. Karakayalı O, Yılmaz S, Ertok İ, et al. Correlation of alveolar–arterial gradient with computed tomography pulmonary artery obstruction index in acute pulmonary embolism. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal, 2016, 38(4):305-305.
  50. Metafratzi ZM, Vassiliou MP, Maglaras GC, et al. Acute pulmonary embolism: correlation of CT pulmonary artery obstruction index with blood gas values. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2006, 186(1):213-9.
  51. Altabas V, Pukec L, Mlinarić S, et al. Stress hyperglycaemia indicates embolus size and localization in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Int J Endocrinol, 2020, 2020:3606757.
  52. Ivanova NG. A rare case of acute Stanford type A aortic dissection presenting with anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Acta Med Bulg, 2023, 50(1):67-71.
  53. Farrokhi F, Smiley D, Umpierrez GE. Glycemic control in non-diabetic critically ill patients. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011, 25(5):813-24.
  54. Scherz N, Labarère J, Aujesky D, et al. Elevated admission glucose and mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Diabetes Care, 2012, 35(1):25-31.
  55. Liao J, Lu D, Wang M, Yu H. Positive association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and ICU mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism: A retrospective study. PLoS One, 2025, 20(3):e0320644.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amb-2026-0038 | Journal eISSN: 2719-5384 | Journal ISSN: 0324-1750
Language: English
Page range: 12 - 22
Submitted on: Sep 29, 2025
|
Accepted on: Oct 6, 2025
|
Published on: Mar 17, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 I. N. Dimitrova, L. Gaydarski, G. Marinov, V. Groudeva, published by Medical University - Sofia
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.