References
- Paras MA, Pathania M, Kumar, et al. Overview of artificial intelligence in medicine. J Family Med Prim Care. (2019) 8:2328–31. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_440_19
- Hamet P, Tremblay J. Artificial intelligence in medicine. Metabolism. 2017 Apr; 69S:S36-S40. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.011
- Kokudeva M, Vichev M, Naseva E, et al. Artificial intelligence as a tool in drug discovery and development. World J Exp Med. 2024 Sep 20;14(3):96042. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.96042
- Toshev A, Petkova-Gueorguieva E, Mihaylova AA, et al. Digitalization of health care and aspects of implementing electronic prescriptions in Bulgaria. Pharmacia. 2024,71: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e130302
- Alami H, Lehoux P, Auclair Y, et al. Artificial Intelligence and Health Technology Assessment: Anticipating a New Level of Complexity. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jul 7;22(7):e17707. doi: 10.2196/17707.
- Gancheva V, Lazarova M, Vetova S, et al. Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Healthcare Data Analytics. In: Rojas I, Ortuño F, Rojas F, et al. (eds) Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IWBBIO 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14848. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64629-4_25
- Hodos RA, Kidd BA, Shameer K, et al. In silico methods for drug repurposing and pharmacology. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2016;8(3):186–210.
- Paik H, Chen B, Sirota M, et al. Integrating clinical phenotype and gene expression data to prioritize novel drug uses. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 5. 2016; (11):599–607.
- Paul SM, Mytelka DS, Dunwiddie CT, et al. How to improve R&D productivity: the pharmaceutical industry’s grand challenge. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010; 9(3):203–214.
- Caskey CT. The drug development crisis: enjciency and safety. Annu Rev Med. 2007;58:1-16. doi: 10.1146/annurev. med.58.042705.124037.
- Paul D, Sanap G, Shenoy S, et al. Artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development. Drug Discov Today. 2021;26(1):80-93. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.010
- Blanco-González A, Cabezón A, Seco-González A, et al. The Role of AI in Drug Discovery: Challenges, Opportunities, and Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Jun 18;16(6):891. doi: 10.3390/ph16060891
- Massalha S, Clarkin O, Thornhill R, et al. Decision Support Tools, Systems, and Artificial Intelligence in Cardiac Imaging. Can J Cardiol. 2018 Jul;34(7):827-838. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.04.032.
- Nilsson NJ. Principles of Artificial Intelligence. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann (2014).
- Greenblatt W, Gupta C, Kao J. Drug repurposing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Expediting Drug Development and access. Health Affairs 2023; 42(3). https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01083
- Pires C. A Systematic Review on the Contribution of Artificial Intelligence in the Development of Medicines for COVID-2019. J Pers Med. 2021 Sep 18;11(9):926. doi: 10.3390/jpm11090926
- Ghosh R, Sudheer KT, Kamaraj R. Artificial intelligence (AI) in regulatory approval process. IJBPAS 2024; 13(9):4388-4396
- Zhou Y, Wang F, Tang J, et al. Artificial intelligence in COVID-19 drug repurposing. Lancet Digit Health. 2020 Dec;2(12):e667-e676. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30192-8
- Ke YY, Peng TT, Yeh TK, et al. Artificial intelligence approach fighting COVID-19 with repurposing drugs. Biomed J. 2020 Aug;43(4):355-362. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.001
- Mohanty S, Harun Ai Rashid M, et al. Application of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 drug repurposing. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Sep-Oct;14(5):1027-1031. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.068.
- Gao K, Nguyen DD, Chen J, et al. Repositioning of 8565 Existing Drugs for COVID-19. J Phys Chem Lett. 2020 Jul 2;11(13):5373-5382. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01579
- Beck BR, Shin B, Choi Y, et al. Predicting commercially available antiviral drugs that may act on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) through a drug-target interaction deep learning model. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2020 Mar 30;18:784-790. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.03.025
- Acharya A, Agarwal R, Baker MB, et al. Supercomputer-Based Ensemble Docking Drug Discovery Pipeline with Application to Covid-19. J Chem Inf Model. 2020 Dec 28;60(12):5832-5852. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01010
- Unni S, Aouti S, Thiyagarajan S, et al. Identification of a re-purposed drug as an inhibitor of Spike protein of human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 by computational methods. J Biosci. 2020;45(1):130. doi: 10.1007/s12038-020-00102-w
- Zeng X, Song X, Ma T, et al. Repurpose Open Data to Discover Therapeutics for COVID-19 Using Deep Learning. J Proteome Res. 2020 Nov 6;19(11):4624-4636. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00316
- Kaushik A, Raj U. AI-driven drug discovery: A boon against COVID-19? AI Open 2020; 1:1-4. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aiopen.2020.07.001
- Asselah T, Durantel D, Pasmant E, et al. COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development. J Hepatol. 2021 Jan;74(1):168-184. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.031
- Mottaqi M, Mohammadipanah F, Sajedi H. Contribution of machine learning approached in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2021; 23:100526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2021.10052
- Prasad K, Kumar V. Artificial intelligence-driven drug repur-posing and structural biology for SARS-CoV-2. Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery 2021; 2: 100042
- Smith DP, Oechsie O, Rawling MJ et al. Expert-Augmented Computational Drug Repurposing Identified Baricitinib as a Treatment for COVID-19. Front. Pharmacol 2021; 12. Doi: Volume 12 – 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.709856
- Djokovic N, Ruzic D, Djikic T, et al. An Integrative in silico Drug Repurposing Approach for Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Mol Inform. 2021 May;40(5):e2000187. doi: 10.1002/minf.202000187
- Behera SK, Mahapatra NT, Chandra S, et al. Drug repurposing for identification of potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain: An in silico approach. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2021; 153(1-2):p 132-143, doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1132_20
- Rajput A, Thakur A, Mukhopadhyay A, et al. Prediction of repurposed drugs for Coronaviruses using artificial intelligence and machine learning. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2021;19:3133-3148. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.037
- Sibilio P, Bini S, Fiscon G et al. In silico drug repurposing in COVID-19: A network-based analysis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2021; 142, 111954. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111954
- Haneczok J, Delijewski M. Machine learning enabled identification of potential SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors based on fixed molecular fingerprints and Graph-CNN neural representations. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2021; 19:103821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103821
- El-Hddad S, Sobhy M, Ayoub A, et al. In silico molecular docking, dynamics simulation and repurposing of some VEGFR-2 inhibitors based on the SARS-CoV-2-main-protease inhibitor N3. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2023 Nov;41(19):9267-9281. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2148000
- Cong Y, Endo T. Multi-Omics and Artificial Intelligence-Guided Drug Repositioning: Prospects, Challenges, and Lessons Learned from COVID-19(OMICS (2022) 26: 7 (361-371) doi: 10.1089/omi.2022.0068)
- Ozdemir ES, Ranganathan SV, Nussinov R. How has artificial intelligence impacted COVID-19 drug repurposing and what lessons have we learned? Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2022;17(10), 1061–1065. https://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2022.2128333
- Liu Z, Chen X, Carter W, Moruf A, et al. AI-powered drug re-purposing for developing COVID-19 treatments. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. 2022:B978-0-12-824010-6.00005-8. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-824010-6.00005-8
- Hu F, Jiang J, Yin P. Prediction of Potential Commercially Available Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 by Multi-Task Deep Learning Model. Biomolecules. 2022 Aug 21;12(8):1156. doi: 10.3390/biom12081156
- Pires C. A Systematic Review on the Contribution of Artificial Intelligence in the Development of Medicines for COVID-2019. J Pers Med. 2021 Sep 18;11(9):926. doi: 10.3390/jpm11090926
- MacMahon M, Hwang W, Yim S, et al. An in silico drug repurposing pipeline to identify drugs with the potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. arXiv; 2022.
- Singh A. Artificial intelligence for drug repurposing against diseases. Artificial Intelligence Chemistry 2024; 2(2), 100071. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aichem.2024.100071
- Kokic G, Hillen HS, Tegunov D, et al. Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase stalling by remdesivir. Nat Commun 12, 279 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20542-0
- Tchesnokov EP, Feng JY, Porter DP, et al. Mechanism of Inhibition of Ebola Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Remdesivir. Viruses. 2019 Apr 4;11(4):326. doi: 10.3390/v11040326
- Choudhury C, Arul Murugan N, Priyakumar UD. Structure-based drug repurposing: Traditional and advanced AI/ML-aided methods. Drug Discov Today. 2022 Jul;27(7):1847-1861. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.006.
- Richardson P, Grinjn I, Tucker C, et al. Baricitinib as a potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease. Lancet. 2020; 395: e30-e31
- Santoro MG, Carafoli E. Remdesivir: From Ebola to COVID-19. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Jan 29;538:145-150. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.043
- Scott RE, Mars M. Principles and framework for eHealth strategy development. J Med Internet Res. 2013 Jul 30;15(7):e155. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2250
- Sarker R, Roknuzzaman ASM, Hossain MJ, et al. The WHO declares COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of international concern: benefits, challenges, and necessary precautions to come back to normal life. Int J Surg. 2023 Sep 1;109(9):2851-2852. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000513
- Sawan R, Adrija M, Chirantan C. Did the COVID-19 pandemic propel usage of AI in pharmaceutical innovation? New evidence from patenting data,Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 198, 2024, 122940, ISSN 0040-1625, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122940.
- He B, Garmire L. Prediction of repurposed drugs for treating lung injury in COVID-19. ArXiv [Preprint]. 2020 Mar 30:arXiv:2003.14333v2. Update in: F1000Res. 2020 Jun 15;9:609. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.23996.1
- Anuradha S. Artificial intelligence for drug repurposing against infectious diseases, Artificial Intelligence Chemistry, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2024, 100071, ISSN 2949-7477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aichem.2024.100071.
- Gonin- Qualikene W, Jaulent M, Thierry J, et al. Artificial intelligence integration in the drug lifecycle and in regulatory science: policy implications, challenges and opportunities. Front. Pharmacol, 2024, Volume 15 – 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1437167
- Eastman RT, Roth JS, Brimacombe KR, et al. Remdesivir: A Review of Its Discovery and Development Leading to Emergency Use Authorization for Treatment of COVID-19. ACS Cent Sci. 2020 May 27;6(5):672-683. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00489. Erratum in: ACS Cent Sci. 2020 Jun 24;6(6):1009. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00747
- Herráiz-Gil S, Nygren-Jiménez E, Acosta-Alonso DN, et al. S. Artificial Intelligence-Based Methods for Drug Repurposing and Development in Cancer. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052798
- Cortial L, Montero V, Tourlet S, et al. Artificial intelligence in drug repurposing for rare diseases: a mini-review. ront. Med. 2024; 11:1404338. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1404338
- Muratov E, Amaro R, Andrade C, et al. A critical overview of computational approaches employed for COVID-19 drug discovery. Chemical Society Reviews 2021; 50, 9121-9151. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CS01065K
- Chenrui L, Wenqiang G, Xinyi Y, et al. Innovative applications of artificial intelligence during the COVID-19 pandemic, Infectious Medicine, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2024, 100095, ISSN 2772-431X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2024.100095.