References
- Stammberger HR, Kennedy DW. Anatomic Terminology Group. Paranasal sinuses:anatomic terminology and nomenclature. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1995;167:7-16.
- Kantarci M, Karasen RM, Alper F, et al. Remarkable anatomic variations in paranasal sinus region and their clinical impor-tance. Eur J Radiol. 2004;50(3):296-302.
- Fadda GL, Rosso S, Aversa S, et al. Multiparametric statistical correlations between paranasal sinus anatomic variations and chronic rhinosinusitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2012;32(4):244-51.
- Arslan H, Aydinlioğlu A, Bozkurt M, Egeli E. Anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses: CT examination for endoscopic sinus surgery. Auris Nasus Larynx. 1999;26(1):39-48.
- Wormald PJ. The agger nasi cell: the key to understanding the anatomy of the frontal recess. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129(5):497-507.
- Yüksel NG, Karabay N, Zeybek G, et al. Computed Tomographic Analysis: The Effects of Frontal Recess Morphology and the Presence of Anatomical Variations on Frontal Sinus Pneumatization. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(1):256-261.
- Lee HY, Kim CH, Kim JY, et al. Surgical anatomy of the middle turbinate. Clin Anat. 2006;19(6):493-6.
- Al-Abri R, Bhargava D, Al-Bassam W, et al. Clinically significant anatomical variants of the paranasal sinuses. Oman Med J. 2014;29(2):110-3.
- Jones NS, Strobl A, Holland I. A study of the CT findings in 100 patients with rhinosinusitis and 100 controls. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1997;22(1):47-51.
- Bolger WE, Butzin CA, Parsons DS. Paranasal sinus bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities: CT analysis for endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope. 1991;101(1 Pt 1):56-64.
- Kennedy DW, Zinreich SJ, Rosenbaum AE, Johns ME. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Theory and diagnostic evaluation. Arch Otolaryngol. 1985;111(9):576-82.
- Cherla DV, Tomovic S, Liu JK, Eloy JA. The central Onodi cell: A previously unreported anatomic variation. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2013;4(1):e49-51.
- Devaraja K, Doreswamy SM, Pujary K, et al. Anatomical Variations of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: A Computed Tomographic Study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;71(Suppl 3):2231-2240.
- Meloni F, Mini R, Rovasio S, et al. Anatomic variations of surgical importance in ethmoid labyrinth and sphenoid sinus. A study of radiological anatomy. Surg Radiol Anat. 1992;14(1):65-70.
- Scribano E, Ascenti G, Loria G, et al. The role of the ostiomeatal unit anatomic variations in inflammatory disease of the maxillary sinuses. Eur J Radiol. 1997;24(3):172-4.
- Badia L, Lund VJ, Wei W, Ho WK. Ethnic variation in sinona-sal anatomy on CT-scanning. Rhinology. 2005;43(3):210-4.
- Kubota K, Takeno S, Hirakawa K. Frontal recess anatomy in Japanese subjects and its effect on the development of frontal sinusitis: computed tomography analysis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;44(1):21.
- Hurley DB, Javer AR, Kuhn FA, Citardi MJ. The endoscopic management of chronic frontal sinusitis associated with frontal sinus posterior table erosion. Am J Rhinol. 2000;14(2):113-20.
- Askar MH, Gamea A, Tomoum MO, et al. Endoscopic Management of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis: Prospective Quality of Life Analysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2015;124(8):638-48.
- Ramadan HH. Surgical causes of failure in endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope. 1999;109(1):27-9.
- Bewick J, Egro FM, Masterson L, et al. Anatomic findings in revision endoscopic sinus surgery: Case series and review of contributory factors. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2016;7(3):151-157.
- Papadopoulou AM, Bakogiannis N, et al. Anatomical Variations of the Sinonasal Area and Their Clinical Impact on Sinus Pathology: A Systematic Review. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022;26(3):e491-e498.
- Stammberger H, Posawetz W. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Concept, indications and results of the Messerklinger technique. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1990;247(2):63-76.
- Nouraei SA, Elisay AR, Dimarco A, et al. Variations in paranasal sinus anatomy: implications for the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis and safety of endoscopic sinus surgery. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;38(1):32-7.
- Midilli R, Aladağ G, Erginöz E, et al. Paranazal sinüsler-in anatomik varyasyonlarinin bilgisayarli tomografi ile değerlendirilmesi ve bunlarin cinsiyetle ilişkisi [Anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses detected by computed tomography and the relationship between variations and sex]. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg. 2005;14(3-4):49-56.
- Sirikci A, Bayazit YA, Bayram M, et al. Variations of sphenoid and related structures. Eur Radiol. 2000;10(5):844-8.
- Budu V, Mogoantă CA, Fănuţă B, Bulescu I. The anatomical relations of the sphenoid sinus and their implications in sphenoid endoscopic surgery. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2013;54(1):13-6.
- Aktas D, Kalcioglu MT, Kutlu R, et al. The relationship between the concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation and sinusitis. Rhinology. 2003;41(2):103-6.
- Kaygusuz A, Haksever M, Akduman D, et al. Sinonasal anatomical variations: their relationship with chronic rhinosinusitis and effect on the severity of disease-a computerized tomography assisted anatomical and clinical study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;66(3):260-6.
- Sireci F, Cascio F, Lorusso Fet al. Correlation Between Nasal Anatomical Variants and SNOT-22 in Patients Affected by Odontogenic Sinusitis: A Retrospective Study. J. Clin. Med. 2025;14:2337.
- Aramani A, Karadi RN, Kumar S. A Study of Anatomical Variations of Osteomeatal Complex in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients-CT Findings. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(10):KC01-4.
- Iturralde-Garrote A, Sanz JL, Forner L, et al. Volumetric Changes of the Paranasal Sinuses with Age: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med. 2023;12;3355.
- Unal B, Bademci G, Bilgili YK, et al. Risky anatomic variations of sphenoid sinus for surgery. Surg Radiol Anat. 2006 May;(2):195-201.
- Ramadan HH, Allen GC. Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery in a residency training program. Laryngoscope. 1995;105(4 Pt 1):376-9.
- Orlandi RR, Kingdom TT, Hwang PH, et al. International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6 Suppl 1:S22-209.
- Orlandi RR, Kingdom TT, Smith TL, et al. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2021;11(3):213-739. Erratum in: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2022;12(7):974.
- Kantarci M, Karasen RM, Alper F, et al. Remarkable anatomic variations in paranasal sinus region and their clinical importance. Eur J Radiol. 2004;50(3):296-302.
- Sapçi T, Derin E, Almaç S, et al. The relationship between the sphenoid and the posterior ethmoid sinuses and the optic nerves in Turkish patients. Rhinology. 2004;42(1):30-4.
- Ali IK, Sansare K, Karjodkar F, Saalim M. Imaging Analysis of Onodi Cells on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;24(3):e319-e322.
- Chmielik LP, Chmielik A. The prevalence of the Onodi cell – Most suitable method of CT evaluation in its detection. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;97:202-205.
- Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Curtin HD, et al. Computer-assisted intraoperative navigation during skull base surgery. Am J Otolaryngol. 1996;17(2):95-101.
- Hosemann W, Scotti O, Bentzien S. Evaluation of telescopes and forceps for endoscopic transnasal surgery on the maxillary sinus. Am J Rhinol. 2003;17(5):311-6.
- Strauss G, Koulechov K, Röttger S, et al. Evaluation of a navigation system for ENT with surgical enjciency criteria. Laryngoscope. 2006 Apr;116(4):564-72.
- Chaaban MR, Walsh EM, Woodworth BA. Epidemiology and differential diagnosis of nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013;27(6):473-8.
- Batra PS. Radiologic imaging in rhinosinusitis. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71(11):886-8.
- Choby G, Thamboo A, Won TB, et al. Computed tomography analysis of frontal cell prevalence according to the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2018;8(7):825-830.
- Kalaiarasi R, Ramakrishnan V, Poyyamoli S. Anatomical Variations of the Middle Turbinate Concha Bullosa and its Relationship with Chronic Sinusitis: A Prospective Radiologic Study. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;22(3):297-302.
- Shirama YB, Adamu A, Ahmed SS, et al. Relationship between Sinonasal Anatomical Variations and Symptom Severity in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J West Afr Coll Surg. 2020;10(1):20-25.
- Srinivas CV, Kauser S. Anatomy and Variations of Onodi Cells and Haller Cells: A HRCT Cum Clinical Analysis in Sinonasal Disease and Polyposis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;74(Suppl 2):1683-1689.
- Al-Qudah M. The relationship between anatomical variations of the sinonasal region and chronic sinusitis extension in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;72(6):817-21.
- Eloy JA, Friedel ME, Murray KP, Liu JK. Modified hemi-Lothrop procedure for supraorbital frontal sinus access: a cadaveric feasibility study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;145(3):489-93.
- McLaughlin RB Jr, Rehl RM, Lanza DC. Clinically relevant frontal sinus anatomy and physiology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2001;34(1):1-22.
- Dalgorf DM, Sacks R, Wormald PJ, et al. Image-guided surgery influences perioperative morbidity from endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(1):17-29.
- Siedek V, Stelter K, Betz CS, et al. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery – a retrospective analysis of 115 children and adolescents with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhino-laryngol. 2009;73(5):741-5.
- Akbar Ali M, Manish Jaiswal D, Sameer Ahamed DB, Kumari V, Alam S. A Study of Anatomical Variations of Sphenoid Sinus on CT PNS: Our Experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;74(Suppl 2):1690-1693.
- Senturk M, Guler I, Azgin I, et al. The role of Onodi cells in sphenoiditis: results of multiplanar reconstruction of computed tomography scanning. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;83(1):88-93.
- Shin JH, Kim SW, Hong YK, et al. The Onodi cell: an obstacle to sellar lesions with a transsphenoidal approach. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;145(6):1040-2.
- Bhattacharyya N. Do maxillary sinus retention cysts reflect obstructive sinus phenomena? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126(11):1369-71.
- Wang JH, Jang YJ, Lee BJ. Natural course of retention cysts of the maxillary sinus: long-term follow-up results. Laryngo-scope. 2007;117(2):341-4.
- Fadda GL, Petrelli A, Martino F, et al. Anatomic Variations of Ethmoid Roof and Risk of Skull Base Injury in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Statistical Correlations. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2021;35(6):871-878.
- Bayram M, Sirikci A, Bayazit YA. Important anatomic variations of the sinonasal anatomy in light of endoscopic surgery: a pictorial review. Eur Radiol. 2001;11(10):1991-7.
- Javadrashid R, Naderpour M, Asghari S, et al. Concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation and paranasal sinusitis; a computed tomographic evaluation. B-ENT. 2014;10(4):291-8.
- Stallman JS, Lobo JN, Som PM. The incidence of concha bullosa and its relationship to nasal septal deviation and paranasal sinus disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004;25(9):1613-8.
- Mikami T, Minamida Y, Koyanagi I, et al. Anatomical variations in pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process. J Neurosurg. 2007;106(1):170-4.
- Hamid O, El Fiky L, Hassan O, et al. Anatomic Variations of the Sphenoid Sinus and Their Impact on Transsphenoid Pituitary Surgery. Skull Base. 2008;18(1):9-15.
- Hui L, Hung KF, Yeung AWK, et al. Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their association with health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in a Southern Chinese population: An analysis using cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent. 2022;52(1):109-115.
- Doğan E, Kilinç MR. Evaluation of paranasal anatomical variations with multidetector CT in Turkish population. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2022;64(3):513-520.
- Ferrareze Nunes C, Lieber S, Truong HQ, et al. Endoscopic endonasal transoculomotor triangle approach for adenomas invading the parapeduncular space: surgical anatomy, technical nuances, and case series. J Neurosurg. 2018;130(4):1304-1314.
- Fernandez-Miranda JC, Zwagerman NT, Abhinav K, et al. Cavernous sinus compartments from the endoscopic endonasal approach: anatomical considerations and surgical relevance to adenoma surgery. J Neurosurg. 2018;129(2):430-441.
- Abdullah SN, Abdullah B. Supreme Nasal Turbinate as an Additional Surgical Landmark in Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Base Surgeries. Cureus. 2020;12(5):e8132.
- Lobo D, Calvo C, Maza-Solano J, et al. Evaluating the Quality and Safety of In-Onjce Rhinologic Procedures: A YO-IFOS Pilot Study. Surgeries. 2024;5:476-485.
- Knisely A, Holmes T, Barham H, et al. Isolated sphenoid sinus opacification: A systematic review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2017;38(2):237-243.
- Moss WJ, Finegersh A, Jafari A, et al. Isolated sphenoid sinus opacifications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2017;7(12):1201-1206.