Options for Covid-19 Vaccines in Bulgaria – Acceptance and Hesitance

Petrova-Valkova, D.; Serbezova, A.; Yanakieva, A.

doi:10.2478/amb-2022-0026

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to take thousands of lives every day. Vaccine prophylaxis has been shown to be highly effective in both controlling and eradicating a number of communicable diseases, in particular COVID-19, as well as in preventing hospitalization and death. Globally, the level of vaccination varies widely. The aim of the present study was to study the attitude to vaccination against COVID-19 among the adult population in the Republic of Bulgaria. An online-based survey was performed to gather information on the attitudes of the population regarding the use of COVID-19 vaccines and the reasons for refusal. The survey includes 662 respondents from all over Bulgaria and covers the period from October 12, 2021 to October 22, 2021.

References

1. Zoumpourlis V, Goulielmaki M, Rizos E et al. [Comment] The COVID-19 pandemic as a scientific and social challenge in the 21st century. Mol Med Rep. 2020;22(4):3035-3048.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard | WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 13]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/?adgroupsurvey=%7Badgroupsurvey%7D&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIgJHw7ayS9AIVju7tCh0rdgQoEAAYASABEgIGhfD_BwE
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. Актуална статистика в България | coronavirus.bg [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 14]. Available from: https://coronavirus.bg/bg/statistika
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker | European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 14]. Available from: https://vaccinetracker.ecdc.europa.eu/public/extensions/COVID-19/vaccine-tracker.html#uptake-tab
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. COVID-19 Data Explorer – Our World in Data [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 14]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer?zoomToSelection=true&time=2020-03-01..latest&facet=none&pickerSort=desc&pickerMetric=total_deaths&hideControls=true&Metric=Confirmed+deaths&Interval=7-day+rolling+average&Relative+to+Populatio
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. Vaccines and immunization [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination. 2021 Nov 12 [cited 2021 Nov 12]; Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines-and-vaccination
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. Comparing the COVID-19 Vaccines: How Are They Different? > News > Yale Medicine [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 13]. Available from: https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/covid-19-vaccine-comparison
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. More Than 7.42 Billion Shots Given: Covid-19 Vaccine Tracker [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/covid-vaccine-tracker-global-distribution/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. COVID-19 vaccine doses administered [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 14]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-covid-vaccinations?country=~USA
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
11. Tenforde MW, Olson SM, Self WH, et al. IVY Network; HAIVEN Investigators. Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Against COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years – United States, January-March 2021. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(18):674-679.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
12. Bernal JL, Andrews N, Gower C, et al. Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study. BMJ. 2021;373:n1088.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
13. Antonelli M, Penfold RS, Merino J, et al. Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID Symptom Study app: a prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):43-55.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
14. Public Health England. Impact of COVID-19 vaccines on mortality in England [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/972592/COVID-19_vaccine_impact_on_mortality_240321.pdf
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
15. 47,000 lives saved by French Covid vaccination rollout, study suggests [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 13]. Available from: https://www.connexionfrance.com/French-news/47-400-coronavirus-Covid-19-deaths-avoided-in-France-thanks-to-vaccine
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
16. Number of COVID-19 deaths by vaccination status Canada 2021 | Statista [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 13]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1257040/number-covid-deaths-canada-by-vaccination-status/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
17. Number of COVID-19 hospitalizations by vaccination status Canada 2021 | Statista [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 13]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1256999/number-covid-hospitalizations-canada-by-vaccination-status/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
18. Новини | coronavirus.bg [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 15]. Available from: https://coronavirus.bg/bg/vaccinations_news/2523
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
19. CDC Now Reports COVID Cases and Deaths by Vax Status MedPage Today [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/95119
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
20. CDC COVID Data Tracker [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 13]. Available from: https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#rates-byvaccine-status
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
21. Argote P, Barham E, Daly SZ et al. The shot, the message, and the messenger: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Latin America. NPJ Vaccines. 2021;6(1):1118.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
22. Solís Arce JS, Warren SS, Meriggi NF, et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low-and middle-income countries. Nat Med. 2021;27(8):1385-94.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
23. El-Mohandes A, White TM, Wyka K, et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among adults in four major US metropolitan areas and nationwide. Sci Reports 2021;11(1):1-12.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
24. Zarocostas J. How to fight an infodemic. Lancet. 2020;395 (10225):676.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
25. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations – Statistics and Research – Our World in Data [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 15]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
26. COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker | European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 15]. Available from: https://vaccinetracker.ecdc.europa.eu/public/extensions/COVID-19/vaccine-tracker.html#uptake-tab
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
27. Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Del Giudice G, De Gregorio E. Vaccines, new opportunities for a new society. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(34):12288-93.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Options for Covid-19 Vaccines in Bulgaria – Acceptance and Hesitance

Abstract

Paradigm

My account