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Comparison of proposed antenna with existing works
| Reference | Methodology | Operating Bands (GHz) | Bandwidth (MHz) | Reported Limitations | Proposed Work Advantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sharmila et al. 2019 [3] | Slotted patch, HFSS | 2.4/5.2 | 80/100 | Limited bands, no AI integration | Covers 2.4 / 3.6 / 5.8 GHz, AI-assisted optimization |
| Djermane & Talbi, 2015 [5] | Neural Network for design | 2.45 | 70 | Single-band only | ANN + HFSS, multiband design |
| Wang et al. 2015 [20] | Tri-band slot design | 2.4/3.5/5.5 | 60-120 | Narrow bandwidth | Wider bands, improved matching |
| Rahman et al., 2014 [2] | Dual-band MPA | 2.4/5.8 | 100/110 | Only 2 bands supported | Stable 3-band operation |
| Proposed Work | ANN–HFSS optimized slotted patch | 2.4/3.6/5.8 | 100–150 each | - | Reduced design iterations, stable radiation, IoT/5G applications |
Performance comparison table
| Parameter | Proposed (ANN+HFSS) | Iqbal et al. dual-band | Sharmila et al. multiband |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bands (GHz) | 2.35–2.50, 3.55–3.75, 5.60–5.90 | 2.50–2.70, 5.75–5.85 | 8.20, 11.40, 14.90, … |
| Return loss (dB) | –20, –18, –22 | –18 at 2.5, –18 at 5.8 | <–10 dB at all bands |
| VSWR | 1.2–1.4 | <2.0 | <2.0 |
| Peak gain (dBi) | 7.0, 6.2, 8.0 | ~5.0–6.0 | 2–6 |
| Optimization method | ANN-assisted HFSS | Manual CST tuning | Manual HFSS tuning |