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Fig.7.

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Fig.9.

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Fig.11.

Fig. 12.

Fig. 13.

Fig.14.

Fig. 15.

Thermophysical properties of fluid and nanoparticles
| Physical Properties | Fluid phase (H2O) | Nanoparticle (CuO) |
|---|---|---|
| Cp(J/kg.K) | 4179 | 385 |
| ρ (kg/m3) | 997.1 | 8933 |
| k (W/m.K) | 0.631 | 401 |
| β×10-5 (1/K) | 21 | 1.67 |
| σ (Ω/m)-1 | 0.05 | 5.69 10-7 |
Grid independence test for Nu¯m at ϕ=4_10-2; Ha = 0
| Average Nusselt number | ||
|---|---|---|
| Lattice size | Re=1 | Re=100 |
| 50×50 | 1.7632 | 7.3423 |
| 75×75 | 2.1482 | 8.8753 |
| 100×100 | 2.5483 | 9.6128 |
| 120×120 | 2.5502 (0.07%) | 9.6412 (0.2%) |