Fig. 1.
Geometric models prepared for the study: a) basic anatomical model before extraction; b) anatomical model after tooth extraction
Fig. 2.
The cross-section A-A of the molar tooth and the mandibular bone
Fig. 3.
Representation of the force vectors exerted by the main muscles acting on the mandible. The vectors are labeled (e.g. RM: Right Masseter, LT: Left Temporalis) to correspond with the muscle names listed in Table 1. The directions and magnitudes of the vectors were determined based on the values provided in Tab. 1
Tab. 1.
Values exerted by the muscles(17)
| Muscles description | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle temporalis [N] | 5.7 | 64.0 | 63.0 |
| Deep masseter [N] | 21.2 | 48.9 | 17.1 |
| Superficial masseter [N] | 76.1 | 114.2 | 137.0 |
| Anterior temporalis [N] | 1.6 | 91.6 | 115.4 |
| Medial pterygoid [N] | 136.4 | 104.9 | 146.9 |
Fig. 4.
Cross-section of the tooth and mandibular bone highlighting the zone: a) for cancellous bone; b) for cortical bone
Fig. 5.
Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cancellous bone before tooth extraction
Fig. 6.
Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cancellous bone after tooth extraction
Fig. 7.
Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cortical bone before tooth extraction
Fig. 8.
Distribution of HMH stress [MPa] in cortical bone after tooth extraction
Fig. 9.
Division into areas for: a) cancellous bone; b) cortical bone
Tab. 2.
Change in cancellous bone density in the analyzed areas [g/cm3] for the model after tooth extraction compared to the model before tooth extraction
| Region | Incisiors | Molars | Molars right | Molars left |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1 [%] | 938 | −72 | 505 | 27 |
| CN2 [%] | 82 | −56 | 103 | 725 |
| CN3 [%] | 80 | 0 | 59 | 483 |
| CN4 [%] | −24 | −18 | 28 | 1415 |
| CN5 [%] | 37 | 0 | 189 | 49 |
| CN6 [%] | 68 | 0 | 2059 | 0 |
Tab. 3.
Change in cortical bone density [g/cm3] in the analyzed areas for the model after tooth extraction compared to the model before tooth extraction
| Region | Incisiors | Molars | Molars right | Molars left |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR1 [%] | 0 | 102 | −9 | −12 |
| CR2 [%] | −12 | 27 | −9 | −2 |
| CR3 [%] | 285 | 28 | 52 | 2 |
| CR4 [%] | −7 | 49 | −5 | 3 |
| CR5 [%] | 323 | −4 | 127 | 0 |
| CR6 [%] | −72 | 181 | 0 | 0 |
| CR7 [%] | −10 | −4 | 9 | 0 |
| CR8 [%] | 0 | 48 | 0 | −17 |
| CR9 [%] | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| CR10 [%] | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 |