References
- Reed SA. Horses as athletes: the road to success. Animal Frontiers. 2022;12(3): 3-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac024
- Baccarin RYA, Seidel SRT, Michelacci YM, Tokawa PKA, Oliveira TM. Osteoarthritis: a common disease that should be avoided in the athletic horse’s life. Animal Frontiers. 2022;12(3):25-36. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac026
- Latham CM, Guy CP, Wesolowski LT, White-Springer SH. Fueling equine performance: importance of mitochondrial phenotype in equine athletes. Animal Frontiers. 2022;12(3):6–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac023
- Goodrich LR, Nixon AJ. Medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse–a review. The Veterinary Journal. 2006;171(1): 51-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.07.008
- De Sousa NR, Luna SP, Pizzigatti D, Martins MT, Possebon FS, Aguiar AC. Relation between type and local of orthopedic injuries with physical activity in horses. Ciência Rural. 2017;47: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151218
- Coppelman EB, David FH, Tóth F, Ernst NS, Trumble TN. The association between collagen and bone biomarkers and radiographic osteoarthritis in the distal tarsal joints of horses. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2020;52(3): 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13187
- Baxter GM, Southwood LL, Dechant JE. Diagnosis of distal tarsal osteoarthritis in horses. Compendium On Continuing Education For The Practising Veterinarian-North American Edition. 2003;25(2): 138–147.
- Eksell P, Axelsson M, Broström H, Ronéus B, Häggström J, Carlsten J. Prevalence and risk factors of bone spavin in Icelandic horses in Sweden: a radiographic field study. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 1998;39: 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547782
- Björnsdóttir S, Axelsson M, Eksell P, Sigurdsson H, Carlsten J. Radiographic and clinical survey of degenerative joint disease in the distal tarsal joints in Icelandic horses. Equine Veterinary Journal (2000);32(3): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516400776563590
- Ley CJ, Björnsdóttir S, Ekman S, Boyde A, Hansson K. Detection of early osteoarthritis in the centrodistal joints of Icelandic horses: Evaluation of radiography and low‐field magnetic resonance imaging. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2016;48(1): 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12370
- Fairburn A, Dyson S, Murray R. Clinical significance of osseous spurs on the dorsoproximal aspect of the third metatarsal bone. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2010;42: 591–599. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00097.x
- Dechant JE, Baxter GM, Southwood LL, et al. Use of a three-drilltract technique for arthrodesis of the distal tarsal joints in horses with distal tarsal osteoarthritis: 54 cases (1990–1999). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2003;223(12): 1800–1805. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2003.223.1800
- Zubrod CJ, Schneider RK, Hague BA, Ragle CA, Gavin PR, Kawcak CE. Comparison of three methods for arthrodesis of the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints in horses. Veterinary Surgery. 2005;34: 372–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2005.00057.x
- Gunther KP, Sun Y. Reliability of radiographic assessment in hip and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999;7: 239–246. https://doi.org/10.1053/joca.1998.0152
- Kessler S, Dieppe P, Fuchs J, Sturmer T, Gunther KP. Assessing the prevalence of hand osteoarthritis in epidemiological studies. The reliability of a radiological hand scale. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2000;59: 289–292. doi: 10.1136/ard.59.4.289 Available from: https://ard.bmj.com/content/59/4/289
- Innes JF, Costello M, Barr FJ, Rudorf H, Barr ARS. Radiographic progression of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint: a prospective study. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 2004;45(2): 143-148. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04024.x
- Bjornsdottir S, Ekman S, Eksell P, Lord P. High detail radiography and histology of the centrodistal tarsal joint of Icelandic horses age 6 months to 6 years. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2004;36: 5–11. https://doi.org/10.2746/0425164044864679
- Labens R, Innocent GT, Voûte LC. Reliability of a quantitative rating scale for assessment of horses with distal tarsal osteoarthritis. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 2007;48(3): 204-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00230.x