Failure Analysis of Beam Composite Elements Subjected to Three-Point Bending Using Advanced Numerical Damage Models

Różyło, Patryk

doi:10.2478/ama-2023-0015

Abstract

This paper deals with the experimental and numerical analysis of three-point bending phenomenon on beam composite profiles. Flat rectangular test specimens made of carbon–epoxy composite, characterised by symmetric [0/90/0/90]s laminate ply lay-up, were used in this study. Experimental testing was carried out with a COMETECH universal testing machine, using special three-point bending heads. In addition, macroscopic evaluation was performed experimentally using a KEYENCE Digital Microscope with a mobile head recording real-time images. Parallel to the experimental studies, numerical simulations were performed using the finite element method in ABAQUS software. The application of the above-mentioned interdisciplinary research techniques allowed for a thorough analysis of the phenomenon of failure of the composite material subjected to bending. The obtained research results provided a better understanding of the failure mechanism of the composite material.

References

1. Fascetti A, Feo L, Nistic N, Penna R. Web-flange behavior of pultruded GFRP I beams: a lattice model for the interpretation of experimental results. Composites Part B Eng, 2016;100:257-269.10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.058
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. Berardi VP, Perrella M, Feo L, Cricrì G. Creep behavior of GFRP laminates and their phases: experimental investigation and analytical modeling. Composites Part B Eng, 2017;122:136-144.10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.04.015
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. Kubiak T, Kolakowski Z, Swiniarski J, Urbaniak M, Gliszczynski A. Local buckling and post-buckling of composite channel-section beams – numerical and experimental investigations. Composites Part B Eng, 2016;91:176-188.10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.01.053
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. Rozylo P. Experimental-numerical study into the stability and failure of compressed thin-walled composite profiles using progressive failure analysis and cohesive zone model. Composite Structures, 2021;257:113303.10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113303
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. Debski H, Rozylo P, Teter A. Buckling and limit states of thin-walled composite columns under eccentric load. Thin-Walled Structures, 2020;149:106627.10.1016/j.tws.2020.106627
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. Debski H, Rozylo P, Wysmulski P. Stability and load-carrying capacity of short open-section composite columns under eccentric compression loading. Composite Structures, 2020;252:112716.10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112716
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. Rozylo P, Debski H. Stability and load-carrying capacity of short composite Z-profiles under eccentric compression. Thin-Walled Structures, 2020;157:107019.10.1016/j.tws.2020.107019
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. Debski H, Samborski S, Rozylo P, Wysmulski P. Stability and Load-Carrying Capacity of Thin-Walled FRP Composite Z-Profiles under Eccentric Compression. Materials, 2020;13:2956.10.3390/ma13132956737245532630628
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. Rozylo P, Debski H. Effect of eccentric loading on the stability and load-carrying capacity of thin-walled composite profiles with top-hat section. Composite Structures, 2020;245:112388.10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112388
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. Gliszczynski A, Czechowski L. Collapse of channel section composite profile subjected to bending, Part I: Numerical investigations. Compos Struct, 2017;178:383–394.10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.07.033
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
11. Jakubczak P, Gliszczynski A. Bienias J, Majerski K. Kubiak T. Collapse of channel section composite profile subjected to bending Part II: Failure analysis. Compos Struct, 2017;179:1–20.10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.07.052
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
12. Kazmierczyk F, Urbaniak M, Swiniarski J, Kubiak T. Influence of boundary conditions on the behaviour of composite channel section subjected to pure bending – Experimental study. Compos Struct, 2022;279:114727.10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114727
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
13. Gliszczynski A, Kubiak T. Load-carrying capacity of thin-walled composite beams subjected to pure bending. Thin-Walled Struct, 2017;115:76–85.10.1016/j.tws.2017.02.009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
14. Czechowski L, Gliszczynski A, Bienias J, Jakubczak P, Majerski K. Composites Part B, 2017;111:112-123.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
15. Banat D, Mania RJ. Failure assessment of thin-walled FML profiles during buckling and postbuckling response. Compos Part B Eng 2017;112:278-289.10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.001
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
16. Madukauwa-David ID, Drissi-Habti M. Numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of a large smart composite platform under static loads. Composites Part B Eng 2016;88:19-25.10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.10.041
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
17. Feo L, Latour M, Penna R, Rizzano G. Pilot study on the experimental behavior of GFRP-steel slip-critical connections. Composites Part B Eng 2017;115:209-222.10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.10.007
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
18. Chroscielewski J, Miskiewicz M, Pyrzowski Ł, Sobczyk B, Wilde K. A novel sandwich footbridge - Practical application of laminated composites in bridge design and in situ measurements of static response. Composites Part B Eng 2017;126:153-161.10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.06.009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
19. Rozylo P. Stability and failure of compressed thin-walled composite columns using experimental tests and advanced numerical damage models. Int J Numer Methods Eng. 2021;122:5076-5099.10.1002/nme.6757
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
20. Rozylo P, Wysmulski P. Failure analysis of thin-walled composite profiles subjected to axial compression using progressive failure analysis (PFA) and cohesive zone model (CZM). Composite Structures, 2021;262:113597.10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113597
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
21. Rozylo P, Debski H, Wysmulski P, Falkowicz K. Numerical and experimental failure analysis of thin-walled composite columns with a top-hat cross section under axial compression. Composite Structures 2018;204:207-216.10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.068
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
22. Paszkiewicz M, Kubiak T. Selected problems concerning determination of the buckling load of channel section beams and columns. Thin-Walled Structures 2015;93:112-121.10.1016/j.tws.2015.03.009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
23. Ascione F. Influence of initial geometric imperfections in the lateral buckling problem of thin walled pultruded GFRP I-profiles. Composite Structures 2014;112:85–99.10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.02.002
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
24. Sohn MS, Hu XZ, Kim JK, Walker L. Impact damage characterisation of carbon fibre/epoxy composites with multi-layer reinforcement. Composites Part B: Engineering 2000;31:681-691.10.1016/S1359-8368(00)00028-7
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
25. Batra RC, Gopinath G, Zheng JQ. Damage and failure in low energy impact of fiber-reinforced polymeric composite laminates. Composite Structures 2012;94:540-547.10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.08.015
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
26. Rozylo P, Ferdynus M, Debski H, Samborski S. Progressive Failure Analysis of Thin-Walled Composite Structures Verified Experimentally. Materials, 2020;13:1138.10.3390/ma13051138708499232143395
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
27. Debski H, Rozylo P, Gliszczynski A, Kubiak T. Numerical models for buckling, postbuckling and failure analysis of predamaged thin-walled composite struts subjected to uniform compression. Thin-Walled Structures, 2019;139:53-65.10.1016/j.tws.2019.02.030
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
28. Reddy JN, Pandey AK. A first-ply failure analysis of composite laminates. Comput Struct, 1987;25:371–393.10.1016/0045-7949(87)90130-1
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
29. Kubiak T, Samborski S, Teter A. Experimental investigation of failure process in compressed channel-section GFRP laminate columns assisted with the acoustic emission method. Compos Struct, 2015; 133:921-929.10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.023
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
30. Hashin Z, Rotem A. A fatigue failure criterion for fibre reinforced materials. J. Compos. Mater, 1973;7:448–464.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
31. Camanho PP, Maimí P, Dávila CG. Prediction of size effects in notched laminates using continuum damage mechanics. Compos. Sci. Technol, 2017;67:2715–2727.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
32. Camanho PP, Matthews FL. A progressive damage model for mechanically fastened joints in composite laminates. J. Comp. Mater, 1999;33:2248–2280.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
33. Barbero EJ, Cosso FA. Determination of material parameters for discrete damage mechanics analysis of carbon epoxy laminates. Compos. Part B Eng, 2014;56:638–646.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
34. Lemaitre J, Plumtree A. Application of damage concepts to predict creep fatigue failures. J. Eng. Mater. Technol, 1979;101:284–292.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
35. Ribeiro ML, Vandepitte D, Tita V. Damage model and progressive failure analyses for filament wound composite laminates. Appl. Compos. Mater, 2013;20:975–992.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
36. Kachanov LM. Time of the rupture process under creep conditions, Izv. AN SSSR. Otd. Tekh. Nauk, 1958;8:26–31.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
37. Matzenmiller A, Lubliner J, Taylor LR. A constitutive model for anisotropic damage in fiber composites. Mech. Mater, 1995;20:125–152.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
38. Lapczyk I, Hurtado JA. Progressive damage modeling in fiber-reinforced materials. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf, 2007;38: 2333–2341.10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.01.017
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
39. Bisagni C, Di Pietro, G, Fraschini L, Terletti D. Progressive crushing of fiber reinforced composite structural components of a Formula One racing car. Compos. Struct, 2005;68:491–503.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
40. Li W, Cai H, Li C, Wang K, Fang L. Progressive failure of laminated composites with a hole under compressive loading based on micro-mechanics. Adv. Compos. Mater, 2014;23:477–490.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
41. Benzeggagh ML, Kenane M. Measurement of Mixed-Mode Delamination Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Glass/Epoxy Composites with Mixed-Mode Bending Apparatus. Composites Science and Technology, 1996;56:439–449.10.1016/0266-3538(96)00005-X
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
42. Dugdale DS. Yielding of steel sheets containing slit, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1960;8(2):100-104.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
43. Barenblatt GI. The mathematical theory of equilibrium cracks in brittle fracture. Advances in Applied Mechanics, 1962;7:55-129.10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70121-2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
44. Turon A, Camanho PP, Costa J, Dávila CG. A damage model for the simulation of delamination in advanced composites under variable-mode loading, Mechanics of Materials, 2006;38(11):1072-1089.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
45. Camanho PP, Davila CG, de Moura MF. Numerical simulation of mixed-mode progressive delamination in the composite materials, Journal of Composite Materials, 2003;37(16):1415-1438.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
46. Hu H, Niu F, Dou T, Zhang H. Rehabilitation Effect Evaluation of CFRP-Lined Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe under Combined Loads Using Numerical Simulation. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018;2018:3268962.10.1155/2018/3268962
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
47. Borg R, Nilsson L, Simonsson K. Simulating DCB, ENF and MMB experiments using shell elements and a cohesive zone model, Composites Science and Technology, 2004;64:269-278.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
48. Zhao L, Gong Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Fei B. Simulation of delamination growth in multidirectional laminates under mode I and mixed mode I/II loadings using cohesive elements, Composite Structures, 2014; 116:509-522.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
49. Rozylo P. Failure analysis of thin-walled composite structures using independent advanced damage models. Composite Structures, 2021;262:113598.10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113598
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
50. Li ZM, Qiao P. Buckling and postbuckling behavior of shear deformable anisotropic laminated beams with initial geometric imperfections subjected to axial compression. Engineering Structures, 2015;85:277–292.10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.12.028
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
51. Bouhala L, Makradi A, Belouettar S, Younes A, Natarajan S. An XFEM/CZM based inverse method for identification of composite failure parameters. Comput. Struct, 2015;153:91-97.10.1016/j.compstruc.2015.02.035
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
52. Paneretti E, Fanteria D, Danzi F. Delaminations growth in compression after impact test simulations: Influence of cohesive elements parameters on numerical results. Compos. Struct, 2016;137:140-147.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
53. Moes N, Dolbow J, Belytschko T. A finite element method for crack growth without remeshing. Int J Numer Methods Eng, 1999;46(1):131–50.10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19990910)46:1<131::AID-NME726>3.0.CO;2-J
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
54. Moës N, Belytschko T. Extended finite element method for cohesive crack growth. Eng Fracture Mech, 2002;69(7):813–33.10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00128-X
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
55. Dolbow J, Moës N, Belytschko T. An extended finite element method for modeling crack growth with frictional contact. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng, 2001;190(51-52):6825–46.10.1016/S0045-7825(01)00260-2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
56. Melenk J, Babuska I. The partition of unity ˙nite element method: Basic theory and applications. computer methods. Appl. Mech Eng, 1996;39:289–314.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
57. Zienkiewicz OC, Taylor RL. Finite Element Method—Solid Mechanics, 5th ed.; Elsevier: Barcelona, Spain, 2000.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
58. Parlapalli MR, Soh KC, Shu DW, Ma G. Experimental investigation of delamination buckling of stitched composite laminates. Composites: Part A, 2007;38:2024–2033.10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.05.001
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
59. Turvey GJ, Zhang Y. A computational and experimental analysis of the buckling, postbuckling and initial failure of pultruded GRP columns. Composite Structures, 2006;84:1527–1537.10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.01.028
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
60. Bohse J. et al. Damage analysis of Polymer Matrix Composites by Acoustic Emission Testing. DGZfP-Proceedings BB 90-CD:339-348.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
61. Riccio A, Saputo S, Sellitto A, Di Caprio F, Di Palma L. A numerical-experimental assessment on a composite fuselage barrel vertical drop test: Induced damage onset and evolution. Composite Structures, 2020;248:112519.10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112519
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
62. Gliszczynski A, Kubiak T. Progressive failure analysis of thin-walled composite columns subjected to uniaxial compression. Composite Structures, 2017;169:52-61.10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.029
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
63. Aveiga D, Ribeiro ML. A Delamination Propagation Model for Fiber Reinforced Laminated Composite Materials. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018;2018:1861268.10.1155/2018/1861268
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
64. Rozylo P, Debski H, Falkowicz K, Wysmulski P, Pasnik J, Kral J. Experimental-Numerical Failure Analysis of Thin-Walled Composite Columns Using Advanced Damage Models. Materials, 2021;14(6): 1506.10.3390/ma14061506
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
65. Banat D, Mania RJ, Degenhardt R. Stress state failure analysis of thin-walled GLARE composite members subjected to axial loading in the post-buckling range. Composite Structures, 2022;289:115468.10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115468
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
66. Banat D, Mania RJ. Damage analysis of thin-walled GLARE members under axial compression – Numerical and experiment investigations. Compos. Struct, 2020;241:112102.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
67. Debski H. Experimental investigation of post-buckling behavior of composite column with top-hat cross-section. Eksploat. Niezawodn, 2013;15:106–110.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
68. Debski H. Badania numeryczne i doświadczalne stateczności i nośności kompozytowych słupów cienkościennych poddanych ściskaniu. Zeszyty naukowe nr 1161, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, ISSN 0137-4834, Łódź, 2013.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
69. Rozylo P. Comparison of Failure for Thin-Walled Composite Columns. Materials, 2022;15:167.10.3390/ma15010167
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
70. Debski H, Rozylo P, Wysmulski P, Falkowicz K, Ferdynus M. Experimental study on the effect of eccentric compressive load on the stability and load-carrying capacity of thin-walled composite profiles. Composites Part B, 2021;226:109346.10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109346
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
71. Li Z, Cen S, Wu CJ, Shang Y, Li CF. High-performance geometric nonlinear analysis with the unsymmetric 4-node, 8-DOF plane element US-ATFQ4. Int J Numer Methods Eng, 2018;114:931–954.10.1002/nme.5771
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
72. Camanho PP, Davila CG. Mixed-mode decohesion finite elements for the simulation of delamination in composite materials. NASA/TM-2002–211737, 2002:1–37.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
73. Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp. Abaqus 2020 Documentation. Providence, RI, USA, 2020.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
74. Belytschko T, Black T. Elastic Crack Growth in Finite Elements with Minimal Remeshing. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1999;45:601–620.10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19990620)45:5<601::AID-NME598>3.0.CO;2-S
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
75. Melenk J, Babuska I. The Partition of Unity Finite Element Method: Basic Theory and Applications. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1996;39:289–314.10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01087-0
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
76. Yu Z, Zhang J, Shen J, Chen H. Simulation of crack propagation behavior of nuclear graphite by using XFEM, VCCT and CZM methods. Nuclear Materials and Energy, 2021;29:101063.10.1016/j.nme.2021.101063
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
77. Heidari-Rarani M, Sayedain M. Finite element modeling strategies for 2D and 3D delamination propagation in composite DCB specimens using VCCT, CZM and XFEM approaches. Composites Part C: Open Access, 2020;2:100014.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
78. Kolanu NR, Raju G, Ramji M. A unified numerical approach for the simulation of intra and inter laminar damage evolution in stiffened CFRP panels under compression. Composites Part B, 2020;190: 107931.10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107931
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Failure Analysis of Beam Composite Elements Subjected to Three-Point Bending Using Advanced Numerical Damage Models

Abstract

Paradigm

My account